Mironov Vladimir, Visconti Richard P, Kasyanov Vladimir, Forgacs Gabor, Drake Christopher J, Markwald Roger R
Bioprinting Research Center, Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Biomaterials. 2009 Apr;30(12):2164-74. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.12.084. Epub 2009 Jan 26.
Organ printing can be defined as layer-by-layer additive robotic biofabrication of three-dimensional functional living macrotissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids as building blocks. The microtissues and tissue spheroids are living materials with certain measurable, evolving and potentially controllable composition, material and biological properties. Closely placed tissue spheroids undergo tissue fusion - a process that represents a fundamental biological and biophysical principle of developmental biology-inspired directed tissue self-assembly. It is possible to engineer small segments of an intraorgan branched vascular tree by using solid and lumenized vascular tissue spheroids. Organ printing could dramatically enhance and transform the field of tissue engineering by enabling large-scale industrial robotic biofabrication of living human organ constructs with "built-in" perfusable intraorgan branched vascular tree. Thus, organ printing is a new emerging enabling technology paradigm which represents a developmental biology-inspired alternative to classic biodegradable solid scaffold-based approaches in tissue engineering.
器官打印可定义为以组织球状体为构建单元,通过机器人进行逐层添加式生物制造,构建三维功能性活体大组织和器官结构。微组织和组织球状体是具有一定可测量、不断演变且可能可控的组成、材料及生物学特性的活体材料。紧密排列的组织球状体会发生组织融合,这一过程体现了发育生物学启发下的定向组织自组装的基本生物学和生物物理原理。利用实心和有腔的血管组织球状体,能够构建器官内分支血管树的小片段。器官打印通过实现具有“内置”可灌注器官内分支血管树的活体人体器官结构的大规模工业机器人生物制造,有望极大地提升和变革组织工程领域。因此,器官打印是一种新兴的使能技术范式,它代表了一种受发育生物学启发的替代方法,可替代组织工程中基于经典可生物降解固体支架的方法。