Crombie Aaron P, Ilich Jasminka Z, Dutton Gareth R, Panton Lynn B, Abood Doris A
Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2009 Feb;67(2):83-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00143.x.
Earlier studies associated the first year of college with a dramatic increase in body weight, termed the "freshman 15". However, recent studies showed that weight gain might be smaller. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the extent of observed weight/body composition changes, including factors associated with them, among students entering university. Searches were conducted for studies examining weight/body composition changes during freshman semesters. Most studies were not comprehensive in assessing numerous potential causative factors for weight gain. Methods for assessing diet, physical activity, and behavioral factors varied among studies. Weight changes were often not quantified by measures of body composition (lean/fat) to ascertain that changes were limited just to gains in fat mass. Overall, weight changes ranged from 0.7-3.1 kg, but among individuals who gained weight, the range was narrower, 3.1-3.4 kg. There may be specific groups of students with a greater predisposition for weight gain and future research should focus on identifying those groups.
早期研究将大学一年级与体重的显著增加联系起来，称之为“新生15磅”。然而，最近的研究表明体重增加可能较少。本综述的目的是评估大学新生中观察到的体重/身体成分变化的程度，包括与之相关的因素。对研究大学新生学期体重/身体成分变化的研究进行了检索。大多数研究在评估体重增加的众多潜在致病因素方面并不全面。各研究中评估饮食、身体活动和行为因素的方法各不相同。体重变化通常未通过身体成分（瘦/脂肪）测量进行量化，以确定变化是否仅限于脂肪量的增加。总体而言，体重变化范围为0.7 - 3.1千克，但在体重增加的个体中，范围较窄，为3.1 - 3.4千克。可能有特定的学生群体更容易体重增加，未来的研究应专注于识别这些群体。
