Hall Lenwood W, Killen William D, Anderson Ronald D, Balcomb Richard, Gardinali Piero
University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment Station, Wye Research and Education Center, 124 Wye Narrows Drive, PO Box 169, Queenstown, Maryland 21658, United States.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2009 May;58(5):702-10. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.12.019.
The objective of this study was to use a probabilistic approach to determine the ecological risk of Irgarol and its major metabolite (GS26575) in coastal California marinas and reference areas by using monitoring data collected during the summer of 2006. Distributions of environmental exposure data were compared with the distribution of plant species response data from laboratory toxicity studies and the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) from a microcosm study to quantify the likelihood and significance of ecological risk. Toxicity testing indicates plants are much more sensitive to Irgarol than animals; therefore, the conservative effects benchmark used to characterize risk was the plant 10th centile for both Irgarol (193 ng/L) and GS26575 (5622 ng/L). In addition, the microcosm NOEC of 323 ng/L was also used to characterize risk. Irgarol concentrations from 15 California marinas ranged from 1.45 to 339 ng/L while GS26575 concentrations ranged from non-detected to 74 ng/L. The probability of exceeding the Irgarol plant 10th centile of 193 ng/L for 15 marinas sampled in coastal California in 2006 was 7.3% while the probability of exceeding the microcosm NOEC of 323 ng/L was even lower (5.5%). In general, this probability of exceedence for either effects benchmark and subsequent ecological risk is considered to be low for these marinas as only one marina (Kings Harbor marina in Redondo Beach) had measured concentrations of Irgarol exceeding 193 ng/L. Irgarol exposure is concentrated within marinas and ecological risk from Irgarol exposure in adjoining reference areas was judged to be very low. Ecological risk from GS26575 exposure was also low in both marina and reference areas in California.
本研究的目的是采用概率方法，利用2006年夏季收集的监测数据，确定加利福尼亚沿海码头和参考区域中代森锰锌及其主要代谢物（GS26575）的生态风险。将环境暴露数据的分布与实验室毒性研究中的植物物种反应数据分布以及微观研究中的未观察到效应浓度（NOEC）进行比较，以量化生态风险的可能性和重要性。毒性测试表明，植物对代森锰锌的敏感性远高于动物；因此，用于表征风险的保守效应基准是代森锰锌（193 ng/L）和GS26575（5622 ng/L）的植物第10百分位数。此外，微观研究中的323 ng/L的NOEC也用于表征风险。来自加利福尼亚15个码头的代森锰锌浓度范围为1.45至339 ng/L，而GS26575浓度范围为未检测到至74 ng/L。2006年在加利福尼亚沿海采样的15个码头中，代森锰锌超过193 ng/L的植物第10百分位数的概率为7.3%，而超过微观研究中323 ng/L的NOEC的概率甚至更低（5.5%）。总体而言，对于这些码头来说，超过任一效应基准及随后的生态风险的这种超标概率被认为较低，因为只有一个码头（雷东多海滩的国王港码头）测得的代森锰锌浓度超过了193 ng/L。代森锰锌暴露集中在码头内，毗邻参考区域中代森锰锌暴露的生态风险被判定为非常低。加利福尼亚码头和参考区域中GS26575暴露的生态风险也很低。
