Pagoto Sherry L, Schneider Kristin L, Oleski Jessica, Bodenlos Jamie S, Merriam Philip, Ma Yunsheng
Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2009 Feb 5;9:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-50.
Skin cancer is the most prevalent yet most preventable cancer in the US. While protecting oneself from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can largely reduce risk, rates of unprotected sun exposure remain high. Because the desire to be tan often outweighs health concerns among sunbathers, very few interventions have been successful at reducing sunbathing behavior. Sunless tanning (self-tanners and spray tans), a method of achieving the suntanned look without UVR exposure, might be an effective supplement to prevention interventions.
This cluster randomized trial will examine whether a beach-based intervention that promotes sunless tanning as a substitute for sunbathing and includes sun damage imaging and sun safety recommendations is superior to a questionnaire only control group in reducing sunbathing frequency. Female beach visitors (N = 250) will be recruited from 2 public beaches in eastern Massachusetts. Beach site will be the unit of randomization. Follow-up assessment will occur at the end of the summer (1-month following intervention) and 1 year later. The primary outcome is average sunbathing time per week. The study was designed to provide 90% power for detecting a difference of .70 hours between conditions (standard deviation of 2.0) at 1-year with an intra-cluster correlation coefficient of 0.01 and assuming a 25% rate of loss to follow-up. Secondary outcomes include frequency of sunburns, use of sunless tanning products, and sun protection behavior.
Interventions might be improved by promoting behavioral substitutes for sun exposure, such as sunless tanners, that create a tanned look without exposure to UVR.
NCT00403377.
皮肤癌是美国最常见但也是最可预防的癌症。虽然避免紫外线辐射（UVR）可在很大程度上降低风险，但未采取防护措施的日光暴露率仍然很高。由于在日光浴者中，想要晒黑的愿望往往超过对健康的担忧，因此很少有干预措施能成功减少日光浴行为。免晒美黑（自晒黑产品和喷雾美黑）是一种在不暴露于UVR的情况下获得晒黑外观的方法，可能是预防干预措施的有效补充。
这项整群随机试验将研究一种以海滩为基础的干预措施，该措施推广免晒美黑以替代日光浴，并包括晒伤成像和防晒建议，在减少日光浴频率方面是否优于仅提供问卷的对照组。将从马萨诸塞州东部的2个公共海滩招募女性海滩游客（N = 250）。海滩地点将作为随机分组单位。随访评估将在夏季结束时（干预后1个月）和1年后进行。主要结局是每周的平均日光浴时间。该研究旨在在组内相关系数为0.01且假设随访失访率为25%的情况下，提供90%的检验效能以检测1年后两组之间0.70小时的差异（标准差为2.0）。次要结局包括晒伤频率、免晒美黑产品的使用情况以及防晒行为。
通过推广日光暴露的行为替代方式，如免晒美黑产品，来改善干预措施可能是可行的，这些产品能在不暴露于UVR的情况下营造晒黑外观。
NCT00403377。
