职业对自评健康的影响：来自健康与退休调查的横断面和纵向证据。
The impact of occupation on self-rated health: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the health and retirement survey.
作者信息
Gueorguieva Ralitza, Sindelar Jody L, Falba Tracy A, Fletcher Jason M, Keenan Patricia, Wu Ran, Gallo William T
机构信息
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 Jan;64(1):118-24. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn006. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study is to estimate occupational differences in self-rated health, both in cross-section and over time, among older individuals.
METHODS
We use hierarchical linear models to estimate self-reported health as a function of 8 occupational categories and key covariates. We examine self-reported health status over 7 waves (12 years) of the Health and Retirement Study. Our study sample includes 9,586 individuals with 55,389 observations. Longest occupation is used to measure the cumulative impact of occupation, address the potential for reverse causality, and allow the inclusion of all older individuals, including those no longer working.
RESULTS
Significant baseline differences in self-reported health by occupation are found even after accounting for demographics, health habits, economic attributes, and employment characteristics. But contrary to our hypothesis, there is no support for significant differences in slopes of health trajectories even after accounting for dropout.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that occupation-related differences found at baseline are durable and persist as individuals age.
背景
本研究的目的是评估老年人自我报告健康状况的职业差异，包括横断面差异和随时间变化的差异。
方法
我们使用分层线性模型来估计自我报告的健康状况，将其作为8种职业类别和关键协变量的函数。我们通过健康与退休研究的7次调查（12年）来考察自我报告的健康状况。我们的研究样本包括9586名个体，共55389个观测值。使用最长从事的职业来衡量职业的累积影响，解决潜在的反向因果关系问题，并纳入所有老年人，包括那些已不再工作的老年人。
结果
即使在考虑了人口统计学、健康习惯、经济属性和就业特征之后，仍发现不同职业的自我报告健康状况存在显著的基线差异。但与我们的假设相反，即使在考虑了失访情况之后，也没有证据支持健康轨迹斜率存在显著差异。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，在基线时发现的与职业相关的差异是持久的，并且会随着个体年龄的增长而持续存在。
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