Newman-Norlund Sarah E, Noordzij Matthijs L, Newman-Norlund Roger D, Volman Inge A C, Ruiter Jan Peter de, Hagoort Peter, Toni Ivan
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cognition. 2009 Apr;111(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2008.12.004. Epub 2009 Feb 7.
The ability to design tailored messages for specific listeners is an important aspect of human communication. The present study investigates whether a mere belief about an addressee's identity influences the generation and production of a communicative message in a novel, non-verbal communication task. Participants were made to believe they were playing a game with a child or an adult partner, while a confederate acted as both child and adult partners with matched performance and response times. The participants' belief influenced their behavior, spending longer when interacting with the presumed child addressee, but only during communicative portions of the game, i.e. using time as a tool to place emphasis on target information. This communicative adaptation attenuated with experience, and it was related to personality traits, namely Empathy and Need for Cognition measures. Overall, these findings indicate that novel nonverbal communicative interactions are selected according to a socio-centric perspective, and they are strongly influenced by participants' traits.
为特定听众设计量身定制信息的能力是人际交流的一个重要方面。本研究调查了仅仅对收件人身份的一种信念是否会在一项新颖的非语言交流任务中影响交际信息的生成和表达。参与者被诱导相信他们正在与一个孩子或一个成年伙伴玩游戏，而一名同谋者分别扮演孩子和成年伙伴，其表现和反应时间相匹配。参与者的信念影响了他们的行为，在与假定的儿童收件人互动时花费的时间更长，但仅限于游戏的交际部分，即把时间作为一种工具来强调目标信息。这种交际适应性随着经验而减弱，并且它与人格特质相关，即共情和认知需求测量。总体而言，这些发现表明新颖的非语言交际互动是根据社会中心视角来选择的，并且它们受到参与者特质的强烈影响。
