Alisi Chiara, Musella Rosario, Tasso Flavia, Ubaldi Carla, Manzo Sonia, Cremisini Carlo, Sprocati Anna Rosa
ENEA, Department of Environment, Global Change and Sustainable Development, CR-Casaccia, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Apr 1;407(8):3024-32. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.011. Epub 2009 Feb 7.
The aim of the work is to assess the feasibility of bioremediation of a soil, containing heavy metals and spiked with diesel oil (DO), through a bioaugmentation strategy based on the use of a microbial formula tailored with selected native strains. The soil originated from the metallurgic area of Bagnoli (Naples, Italy). The formula, named ENEA-LAM, combines ten bacterial strains selected for multiple resistance to heavy metals among the native microbial community. The biodegradation process of diesel oil was assessed in biometer flasks by monitoring the following parameters: DO composition by GC-MS, CO2 evolution rate, microbial load and composition of the community by T-RFLP, physiological profile in Biolog ECOplates and ecotoxicity of the system. The application of this microbial formula allowed to obtain, in the presence of heavy metals, the complete degradation of n-C(12-20), the total disappearance of phenantrene, a 60% reduction of isoprenoids and an overall reduction of about 75% of the total diesel hydrocarbons in 42 days. Concurrently with the increase of metabolic activity at community level and the microbial load, the gradual abatement of the ecotoxicity was observed. The T-RFLP analysis highlighted that most of the ENEA-LAM strains survived and some minor native strains, undetectable in the soil at the beginning of the experiment, developed. Such a bioaugmentation approach allows the newly established microbial community to strike a balance between the introduced and the naturally present microorganisms. The results indicate that the use of a tailored microbial formula may efficiently facilitate and speed up the bioremediation of matrices co-contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The study represents the first step for the scale up of the system and should be verified at a larger scale. In this view, this bioaugmentation strategy may contribute to overcome a critical bottleneck of the bioremediation technology.
这项工作的目的是通过基于使用由选定的本地菌株定制的微生物配方的生物强化策略，评估含有重金属并添加了柴油（DO）的土壤的生物修复可行性。土壤源自意大利那不勒斯巴尼奥利的冶金区。该配方名为ENEA-LAM，结合了从本地微生物群落中选择的对重金属具有多重抗性的十种细菌菌株。通过监测以下参数在生物测定瓶中评估柴油的生物降解过程：通过GC-MS分析DO组成、CO2释放速率、通过T-RFLP分析群落的微生物负荷和组成、在Biolog ECO平板中的生理特征以及系统的生态毒性。在存在重金属的情况下，应用这种微生物配方能够在42天内实现正构C（12 - 20）的完全降解、菲的完全消失、类异戊二烯减少60%以及总柴油烃总体减少约75%。随着群落水平代谢活性和微生物负荷的增加，同时观察到生态毒性逐渐降低。T-RFLP分析突出显示，大多数ENEA-LAM菌株存活下来，并且一些在实验开始时在土壤中无法检测到的次要本地菌株也得以生长。这种生物强化方法使新建立的微生物群落能够在引入的微生物和自然存在的微生物之间实现平衡。结果表明，使用定制的微生物配方可以有效地促进和加速对同时被烃类和重金属污染的基质的生物修复。该研究代表了该系统扩大规模的第一步，应在更大规模上进行验证。从这个角度来看，这种生物强化策略可能有助于克服生物修复技术的一个关键瓶颈。
