Ackermann-Liebrich U, Schindler C, Frei P, Probst-Hensch N M, Imboden M, Gemperli A, Rochat T, Schmid-Grendemeier P, Bircher A J
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2009 Feb 7;139(5-6):70-5. doi: 10.4414/smw.2009.12489.
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (short name = Ambrosia common ragweed) pollen is a potent allergen and has recently been found in Switzerland, spreading from the southwest of the country. The aim of this study is to describe Ambrosia sensitisation rates in the population-based SAPALDIA cohort (Swiss Study on Air Pollution And Lung Diseases In Adults) and to test whether an increase in these rates could be observed.
Among the 6345 participants from 8 areas who provided blood samples in 1991 and 2002, 5823 had valid results for specific IgE against common inhalant allergens tested with Phadiatop. In 2002 Ambrosia sensitisation was measured and positive tests were analysed for Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort). Blood samples taken in 1991 in Ticino and Geneva were also tested for Ambrosia.
Sensitisation rate (Phadiatop) did not increase significantly between the two surveys and sensitisation was found in 30% of the participants. A proportion of 7.9% showed specific IgE to Ambrosia pollen. The sensitisation rate in Lugano and Geneva had not changed substantially since 1991. Among those sensitised to Ambrosia 82% also showed specific IgE against Artemisia, suggesting a high rate of cross-reactivity. Only 1.3% were sensitized to Ambrosia alone. The incidence of asthma or hay fever in participants with specific IgE to Ambrosia pollen was not higher than in the general study population.
Currently Ambrosia pollen does not appear to be an important cause of inhalant allergies in Switzerland. Sensitisation rates are low and have not increased since 1991. Due to cross-reactivity Ambrosia sensitisation may be a consequence of primary sensitisation to Artemisia. Elimination of Ambrosia plants is nevertheless mandatory to avoid a future increase.
豚草花粉是一种强效过敏原，最近在瑞士被发现，正从该国西南部蔓延开来。本研究的目的是描述基于人群的 SAPALDIA 队列（瑞士成人空气污染与肺部疾病研究）中的豚草致敏率，并测试是否能观察到这些比率的增加。
在 1991 年和 2002 年提供血液样本的来自 8 个地区的 6345 名参与者中，5823 人针对用 Phadiatop 检测的常见吸入性过敏原的特异性 IgE 有有效结果。2002 年测量了豚草致敏情况，并对艾蒿（艾草）的阳性检测结果进行了分析。1991 年在提契诺州和日内瓦采集的血液样本也进行了豚草检测。
两次调查之间致敏率（Phadiatop）没有显著增加，30%的参与者存在致敏情况。7.9%的人对豚草花粉显示出特异性 IgE。自 1991 年以来，卢加诺和日内瓦的致敏率没有实质性变化。在对豚草致敏的人群中，82%的人也显示出针对艾蒿的特异性 IgE，表明交叉反应率很高。仅 1.3%的人仅对豚草致敏。对豚草花粉有特异性 IgE 的参与者中哮喘或花粉热的发病率并不高于总体研究人群。
目前在瑞士，豚草花粉似乎不是吸入性过敏的重要原因。致敏率较低，自 1991 年以来没有增加。由于交叉反应，豚草致敏可能是对艾蒿原发性致敏的结果。然而，必须清除豚草植物以避免未来的增加。
