Westerterp Klaas R
Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Apr;105(6):823-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1000-2. Epub 2009 Feb 11.
Assessment of physical activity in a free-living environment is important for understanding relations between physical activity and health and determining the effectiveness of interventions. Techniques include behavioral observation, questionnaires in the form of diaries, recall questionnaires and interviews, and physiological markers like heart rate, calorimetry, and motion sensors. The doubly labeled water method has become the gold standard for the validation of field methods of assessing physical activity. Then, questionnaires show a low reliability and validity but can be adequately applied as an activity-ranking instrument. The heart rate requires individual calibration to be an effective method to assess physical activity only at group level. The indicated method for the assessment of habitual physical activity in daily life is a doubly labeled water validated accelerometer. Future developments are simultaneous measurement of body acceleration and heart rate for the assessment of physical fitness. A new generation of accelerometers will provide information on body posture and activity recognition to allow objective assessment of subjects' habitual activities, options for a healthy change, and effects of the follow-up of any changes.
在自由生活环境中评估身体活动对于理解身体活动与健康之间的关系以及确定干预措施的有效性非常重要。技术包括行为观察、日记形式的问卷、回忆问卷和访谈，以及心率、量热法和运动传感器等生理指标。双标水法已成为评估身体活动现场方法验证的金标准。然而，问卷的可靠性和有效性较低，但可作为活动排名工具充分应用。心率需要个体校准才能成为仅在群体水平上评估身体活动的有效方法。评估日常生活中习惯性身体活动的指定方法是经双标水验证的加速度计。未来的发展方向是同时测量身体加速度和心率以评估身体健康状况。新一代加速度计将提供有关身体姿势和活动识别的信息，以便客观评估受试者的习惯性活动、健康改变的选择以及任何变化的后续影响。
