Pelayo V, García-Hernández P, Puente P, Rodero M, Cuébllar C
Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
J Parasitol. 2009 Jun;95(3):778-80. doi: 10.1645/GE-1894.1.
The somatic products released from ingested larvae of Gymnorhynchus gigas parasitizing fish induce a Th2 response capable of causing allergic disorders. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence of anti-Gymnorhynchus gigas antibodies in a Spanish population and established a possible relationship with fish consumption habits. We studied 305 residents in Madrid, with neither clinical symptoms suggestive of gastrointestinal or allergic disorders, nor pathologies related to ingestion of fish that could cause disease. Specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA: 11.8%, 20%, 15.7%, 21%, and 7.5% of the total studied sera were IgA, Ig's, IgG, IgM, and IgE positive, respectively. Seropositivity was not more prevalent among fresh fish consumers and did not increase with frequency of fish consumption. IgE values were lower in the group that never ingested smoked fish. Anti-G. gigas antibody levels were higher in the group that reported frequent consumption of marinated fish. The use of cooking methods with the least heating efficacy (frying, or frying in batter, and microwaving) did not affect seropositivity percentages among consumers. Infection with live plerocercoids is not necessary for seropositivity, and the antibody production, in this case, is due to the absorption of antigens from the parasite following the digestion process. The human health risks of allergic reactions due to parasite antigens remain active after freezing the fish.
寄生在鱼类体内的裸吻棘头虫（Gymnorhynchus gigas）幼虫摄入后释放的体细胞产物会引发能够导致过敏性疾病的Th2反应。本研究的目的是评估西班牙人群中抗裸吻棘头虫抗体的流行情况，并确定其与鱼类消费习惯之间可能存在的关系。我们研究了305名马德里居民，他们既没有提示胃肠道或过敏性疾病的临床症状，也没有与摄入鱼类相关的可能导致疾病的病理状况。通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）测量特异性抗体水平：在所研究的血清总量中，分别有11.8%、20%、15.7%、21%和7.5%的IgA、Ig's、IgG、IgM和IgE呈阳性。血清阳性在新鲜鱼类消费者中并不更普遍，也不会随着鱼类消费频率的增加而升高。从未摄入过烟熏鱼的组中IgE值较低。报告经常食用腌制鱼的组中抗裸吻棘头虫抗体水平较高。使用加热效果最差的烹饪方法（油炸、裹面糊油炸和微波加热）不会影响消费者中的血清阳性百分比。血清阳性并不一定需要活的裂头蚴感染，在这种情况下，抗体产生是由于消化过程后从寄生虫吸收抗原所致。冷冻鱼类后，由寄生虫抗原引起的过敏反应对人类健康的风险仍然存在。
