Heim Katherine E, McKean Bruce A
Nickel Institute, Ontario, Canada.
Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Feb;60(2):100-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01487.x.
Cutaneous nickel allergy in the very young is not well documented or characterized. A significant number of individuals are nickel sensitized by their mid-teenage years. Recent studies suggest that children may become sensitized to nickel at an early age.
The purpose of this study was to investigate nickel release from children's clothing fasteners as one potential route of exposure of pre-school age children to nickel ions.
PATIENTS/METHODS: Fasteners from new and used children's clothing purchased in the USA were tested using the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and EN1811 tests for nickel ion release.
Of 173 fasteners tested, 10 (6%) tested positive using the DMG test for nickel release. EN 1811 standardized nickel release testing of these 10 items demonstrated that 70% (4% of all fasteners tested) released nickel in excess of the European Nickel Directive release limit (0.5 microg/cm(2)/week). Ten randomly selected DMG-negative fasteners were also EN 1811 tested, of which 30% of fasteners exceeded the European Nickel Directive release limit. Therefore, not less than 6% of the fasteners tested released excessive nickel.
This study concluded that clothing fasteners purchased in the USA could be a source of early childhood exposure to releasable nickel.
幼儿皮肤镍过敏的相关记录和特征尚不明确。相当数量的个体在青少年中期对镍敏感。近期研究表明，儿童可能在幼年时就对镍致敏。
本研究旨在调查儿童服装扣件的镍释放情况，这是学龄前儿童接触镍离子的一种潜在途径。
患者/方法：使用丁二酮肟（DMG）和EN1811测试对在美国购买的新旧儿童服装的扣件进行镍离子释放测试。
在测试的173个扣件中，有10个（6%）使用DMG测试镍释放呈阳性。对这10个物品进行的EN 1811标准镍释放测试表明，70%（占所有测试扣件的4%）释放的镍超过了欧洲镍指令的释放限值（0.5微克/平方厘米/周）。还对10个随机选择的DMG阴性扣件进行了EN 1811测试，其中30%的扣件超过了欧洲镍指令的释放限值。因此，不少于6%的测试扣件释放了过量的镍。
本研究得出结论，在美国购买的服装扣件可能是幼儿接触可释放镍的一个来源。
