Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan, Maibach Howard Ira
National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 Jun;58(6):1000-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.017. Epub 2008 Apr 11.
Nickel sensitization is frequent among US patients with dermatitis and in the general population. In Europe, decreasing prevalences of nickel sensitization are observed as a result of the European Union Nickel Directive. However, no directive exists in the United States.
We sought to examine nickel release from inexpensive earrings and discuss possible methods of reducing nickel exposure among consumers.
A total of 34 different stores and artists were visited. A total of 277 earrings were purchased and examined with the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test.
DMG-positive earrings were identified from local artists (69%) and tourist stores (42.9%) but also chain stores targeting young (24.1%) and mature (1.7%) women. No correlation between price and outcome of DMG testing was identified.
Our study does not reflect buying trends in the United States. Pretreatment of earrings with artificial sweat was not performed and the DMG may lead to both false-positive and false-negative results.
Nickel exposure from inexpensive earrings is frequent in the United States. A regulatory governmental intervention may be warranted.
在美国，镍致敏在皮炎患者及普通人群中很常见。在欧洲，由于欧盟镍指令，镍致敏的患病率呈下降趋势。然而，美国没有相关指令。
我们试图检测廉价耳环的镍释放量，并探讨减少消费者镍暴露的可能方法。
共走访了34家不同的商店和商家。总共购买了277副耳环，并用丁二酮肟（DMG）试验进行检测。
从当地商家（69%）和旅游商店（42.9%）购买的耳环中检测出DMG阳性，同时在面向年轻女性（24.1%）和成熟女性（1.7%）的连锁商店中也检测出阳性。未发现价格与DMG检测结果之间存在相关性。
我们的研究未反映美国的购买趋势。未对耳环进行人工汗液预处理，且DMG可能导致假阳性和假阴性结果。
在美国，廉价耳环导致的镍暴露很常见。政府可能有必要进行监管干预。
