University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany.
Behav Res Ther. 2009 Apr;47(4):308-15. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.01.004. Epub 2009 Jan 17.
A large body of literature suggests that some symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) result from mnemonic dysfunctions. The present study tested various formulations of the memory deficit hypothesis considering important moderators, such as depression and response slowing. Thirty-two OCD patients and 32 healthy controls were presented verbal or nonverbal instructions for actions (e.g. simple gestures). These actions should either be performed or imagined. For recognition, previously presented as well as novel actions were displayed. Decisions had to be made whether an action was previously displayed (verbally vs. nonverbally) or not and whether an action was performed or imagined (internal source memory). Moreover, both judgments required confidence ratings. Groups did not differ in memory accuracy and metamemory for verbally presented material. Patients displayed some impairment for nonverbally presented material and imagined instructions, which, however, could be fully accounted for by response slowing and depressive symptoms. The study challenges the view that primary memory deficits underlie OCD or any of its subtypes. We claim that research should move forward from the mere study of objective impairment to the assessment of cognitive performance in conjunction with personality traits such as inflated responsibility.
大量文献表明，强迫症（OCD）的某些症状源于记忆功能障碍。本研究考虑了重要的调节因素，如抑郁和反应迟缓，对记忆缺陷假说的各种表述进行了测试。32 名强迫症患者和 32 名健康对照者接受了口头或非口头的动作指令（例如简单的手势）。这些动作要么执行，要么想象。在识别过程中，会显示之前呈现过的以及新的动作。需要做出判断，动作是之前呈现过的（口头和非口头）还是没有呈现过，动作是执行过还是想象过（内部来源记忆）。此外，这两个判断都需要置信度评级。两组在口头呈现材料的记忆准确性和元记忆方面没有差异。患者在非口头呈现的材料和想象的指令上表现出一些障碍，但这些障碍可以完全归因于反应迟缓和抑郁症状。这项研究挑战了 OCD 或其任何亚型的主要记忆缺陷的观点。我们认为，研究应该从仅仅研究客观障碍转向评估认知表现，同时结合人格特征，如过度责任感。
