Knott Verner J, Naccache Luma, Cyr Emmanuelle, Fisher Derek J, McIntosh Judy F, Millar Anne M, Villeneuve Crystal M
Clinical Neuroelectrophysiology and Cognitive Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.
Neuropsychobiology. 2008;58(3-4):187-99. doi: 10.1159/000201716. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cigarette craving is a core symptom of smoking withdrawal, which is more intense and more frequently observed in smokers with depressed mood. Using self-reports and electroencephalographic (EEG) indices of frontal hemispheric asymmetry, which has been shown to be sensitive to mood states, the purpose of this study was to investigate the neural basis of cue-elicited cigarette craving, its variation with experimentally induced depressed mood, and with differences in gender and smoker type.
Cigarette-cue reactivity was examined in 11 (5 male) regular and 11 (6 male) light smokers in two sessions involving the induction of neutral or depressed mood.
Frontal EEG alpha asymmetry changes reflecting left frontal hypoactivation were evident with cigarette-cue exposure, particularly in female smokers. During cigarette-cue exposure, EEG evidenced both decreases and increases in brain state activation, with the latter activational increments also being influenced by depressed mood. Exposure to the cigarette cue, in addition to increasing withdrawal symptoms, increased cravings and negative affect, these latter effects being more evident in female and regular smokers.
These findings, which appear to provide a physiological basis for 'withdrawal-like' negative affective experiences during craving, are discussed in relation to theories of drug reinforcement and smoking motivation.
背景/目的：对香烟的渴望是戒烟的核心症状，在情绪低落的吸烟者中更为强烈且更常出现。本研究利用自我报告以及已被证明对情绪状态敏感的额叶半球不对称性的脑电图（EEG）指标，旨在探究线索诱发的对香烟的渴望的神经基础、其随实验诱导的抑郁情绪的变化以及性别和吸烟者类型差异的影响。
在涉及诱发中性或抑郁情绪的两个阶段中，对11名（5名男性）规律吸烟者和11名（6名男性）轻度吸烟者的香烟线索反应性进行了检测。
接触香烟线索时，反映左额叶激活不足的额叶脑电图α不对称性变化明显，尤其是在女性吸烟者中。在接触香烟线索期间，脑电图显示大脑状态激活既有下降也有增加，后者的激活增加也受抑郁情绪影响。接触香烟线索除了增加戒断症状外，还增加了渴望和消极情绪，后两种影响在女性和规律吸烟者中更为明显。
这些发现似乎为渴望期间“类似戒断”的负面情感体验提供了生理基础，并结合药物强化和吸烟动机理论进行了讨论。
