Thorn Shannon H, Pittman Amanda, Myers Rachel E, Slaughter Connie
Pinecrest Supports and Services Center, Pineville, LA 71361-5191, United States.
Res Dev Disabil. 2009 Sep-Oct;30(5):891-901. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2009.01.001. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
Historically residential facilities for individuals with intellectual disabilities have served the role of segregation and congregation with no real focus on integration into the community. More recently the focus has been to get people out of residential institutions and into community-based living settings. This work examines an approach to changing the systems and culture at a large residential facility to create higher rates of transitions to community-based living settings. A multi-phased systematic implementation approach is discussed in which each successive phase builds upon the previous phase. This approach creates opportunities for community integrated activities and then utilizes these community contexts as functional learning opportunities. Results are evaluated in the areas of community presence, community participation, community integration and community inclusion. Data indicate significant increases in each of these areas based on changing the facility focus, simplifying the intrusive accountability systems, aligning resources and teaching staff how to utilize support plans more efficiently to teach skills in functionally appropriate community integrated activities.
从历史上看，为智障人士提供的住宿设施一直起着隔离和聚集的作用，而没有真正关注融入社区。最近，重点已转向让人们走出住宿机构，进入基于社区的生活环境。这项工作研究了一种改变大型住宿设施的系统和文化的方法，以提高向基于社区的生活环境过渡的比率。讨论了一种多阶段的系统实施方法，其中每个连续阶段都建立在前一个阶段的基础上。这种方法创造了社区融合活动的机会，然后将这些社区环境用作功能性学习机会。在社区存在、社区参与、社区融合和社区包容等领域对结果进行评估。数据表明，基于改变设施重点、简化侵入性问责制度、调整资源以及教导工作人员如何更有效地利用支持计划在功能适当的社区融合活动中教授技能，这些领域中的每一个都有显著增加。
