Scifo Lidia, Chicau Borrego Carla, Monteiro Diogo, Matosic Doris, Feka Kaltrina, Bianco Antonino, Alesi Marianna
Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, IT, V.le delle Scienze Edificio 15, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
Escola Superior de Rio Maior, CIEQV, Av. Mário Soares, 2040-413 Rio Marior, Portugal.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Aug 15;4(3):57. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4030057.
Inactivity is a major issue that causes physical and psychological health problems, especially in people with intellectual disability (ID). This review discusses the beneficial effects of sport intervention programs (SIPs) in people with ID, and aims to provide an overview of the scientific literature in order to identify the main factors influencing the participation of people with ID in SIPs. Twelve papers were analyzed and compared. The results show a large variety in examined SIPs, concerning participants' age and disability, intervention characteristics and context, as well as measures and findings. The main factors essential for people with ID partaking in SIPs appeared to be suitable places for the SIP development, adequate implementation of physical activity (PA) programs in school and extra-school contexts, education, and the training of teachers and instructors. The literature review highlights the relevance of using SIPs in order to improve physical and psychological health, as well as increase social inclusion in populations with ID. SIPs should be included in multifactor intervention programs. Nevertheless, the need is recognized for stakeholders to adopt specific practice and policy in promoting social inclusion in order to organize intervention strategies which are able to provide quality experiences in sport and physical activity for people with ID.
缺乏运动是一个导致身心健康问题的主要因素，尤其在智力残疾者中。本综述讨论了体育干预项目（SIPs）对智力残疾者的有益影响，旨在概述科学文献，以确定影响智力残疾者参与SIPs的主要因素。分析并比较了十二篇论文。结果显示，在所研究的SIPs中，参与者的年龄和残疾情况、干预特征和背景以及测量方法和结果差异很大。智力残疾者参与SIPs的关键因素似乎包括SIPs开展的合适场所、在学校和校外环境中充分实施体育活动（PA）项目、教育以及教师和教练的培训。文献综述强调了使用SIPs以改善身心健康以及增加智力残疾人群社会融合的重要性。SIPs应纳入多因素干预项目。然而，利益相关者认识到需要采取具体的实践和政策来促进社会融合，以便组织能够为智力残疾者提供高质量体育和身体活动体验的干预策略。
