弓形体病：临床观察史。
Toxoplasmosis: A history of clinical observations.
机构信息
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
出版信息
Int J Parasitol. 2009 Jul 1;39(8):895-901. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.02.004. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
It has been 100 years since Toxoplasma gondii was initially described in Tunis by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in the tissues of the gundi (Ctenodoactylus gundi) and in Brazil by Splendore (1908) in the tissues of a rabbit. Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, Apicomplexan parasite of warm-blooded animals that can cause several clinical syndromes including encephalitis, chorioretinitis, congenital infection and neonatal mortality. Fifteen years after the description of T. gondii by Nicolle and Manceaux a fatal case of toxoplasmosis in a child was reported by Janků. In 1939 Wolf, Cowen and Paige were the first to conclusively identify T. gondii as a cause of human disease. This review examines the clinical manifestations of infection with T. gondii and the history of the discovery of these manifestations.
自 1908 年 Nicolle 和 Manceaux 在突尼斯的冈迪（Ctenodoactylus gundi）组织中以及 Splendore 在巴西的兔子组织中首次描述刚地弓形虫以来，已经过去了 100 年。刚地弓形虫是一种普遍存在的、属于顶复门的寄生虫，感染温血动物，可引起多种临床综合征，包括脑炎、脉络膜视网膜炎、先天性感染和新生儿死亡率。在 Nicolle 和 Manceaux 描述刚地弓形虫 15 年后，Janků 报道了一例儿童致死性弓形虫病病例。1939 年，Wolf、Cowen 和 Paige 首次明确证实刚地弓形虫是人类疾病的病因。本文回顾了感染刚地弓形虫的临床表现及其发现这些表现的历史。
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