Otsuka Yasumasa, Sasaki Takeshi, Iwasaki Kenji, Mori Ippei
Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Education, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan.
Ind Health. 2009 Jan;47(1):22-32. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.47.22.
This study examined the relationship between coping skills, working hours, and psychological health among Japanese daytime workers. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed to a randomly selected sample of 2,000 workers who were members of a pre-recruited market research panel. A total of 1,821 participants responded (response rate=91.1%). Participants completed a questionnaire regarding working hours, coping skills, and psychological health (negative emotions, fatigue, and concentration/activity levels). Analyses of covariance were conducted to determine the relations of number of working hours, coping skills, and their interactions to psychological health with control for sex, age, drinking, job type, and employment type. Results revealed that working hours were significantly associated with fatigue and concentration/activity levels. High levels of instrumental support and positive reframing were significantly associated with low levels of negative emotions, fatigue, and concentration/activity levels. High levels of self-blame, denial, substance use, venting, self-distraction, religion, and behavioral disengagement were significantly associated with high levels of negative emotions, fatigue, and concentration/activity levels. This study suggests that improving coping skills such as using instrumental support or positive reframing may reduce the adverse health effects of long working hours.
本研究调查了日本日班工作者的应对技巧、工作时长与心理健康之间的关系。自行填写的调查问卷被邮寄给预先招募的市场研究小组中的2000名随机抽取的工作者。共有1821名参与者做出回应（回应率=91.1%）。参与者完成了一份关于工作时长、应对技巧和心理健康（负面情绪、疲劳以及注意力/活动水平）的问卷。进行协方差分析以确定工作时长、应对技巧及其交互作用与心理健康之间的关系，并对性别、年龄、饮酒情况、工作类型和就业类型进行控制。结果显示，工作时长与疲劳以及注意力/活动水平显著相关。高水平的工具性支持和积极重新评价与低水平的负面情绪、疲劳以及注意力/活动水平显著相关。高水平的自责、否认、物质使用、发泄、自我分心、宗教和行为脱离与高水平的负面情绪、疲劳以及注意力/活动水平显著相关。本研究表明，改善应对技巧，如使用工具性支持或积极重新评价，可能会减少长时间工作对健康的不利影响。
