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健康人体受试者中,急性口服Δ9-四氢大麻酚和标准化大麻提取物与精神运动表现的关系。

Psychomotor performance in relation to acute oral administration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and standardized cannabis extract in healthy human subjects.

作者信息

Roser Patrik, Gallinat Jürgen, Weinberg Gordon, Juckel Georg, Gorynia Inge, Stadelmann Andreas M

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

出版信息

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009 Aug;259(5):284-92. doi: 10.1007/s00406-009-0868-5. Epub 2009 Feb 17.

Abstract

Abnormalities in psychomotor performance are a consistent finding in schizophrenic patients as well as in chronic cannabis users. The high levels of central cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptors in the basal ganglia, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum indicate their implication in the regulation of motor activity. Based on the close relationship between cannabis use, the endogenous cannabinoid system and motor disturbances found in schizophrenia, we expected that administration of cannabinoids may change pattern of psychomotor activity like in schizophrenic patients. This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study investigated the acute effects of cannabinoids on psychomotor performance in 24 healthy right-handed volunteers (age 27.9 +/- 2.9 years, 12 male) by comparing Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and standardized cannabis extract containing Delta(9)-THC and cannabidiol. Psychomotor performance was assessed by using a finger tapping test series. Cannabis extract, but not Delta(9)-THC, revealed a significant reduction of right-hand tapping frequencies that was also found in schizophrenia. As to the pure Delta(9)-THC condition, left-hand tapping frequencies were correlated with the plasma concentrations of the Delta(9)-THC metabolite 11-OH-THC. These effects are thought to be related to cannabinoid actions on CB(1) receptors in the basal ganglia, the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum. Our data further demonstrate that acute CB(1) receptor activation under the cannabis extract condition may also affect intermanual coordination (IMC) as an index of interhemispheric transfer. AIR-Scale scores as a measure of subjective perception of intoxication were dose-dependently related to IMC which was shown by an inverted U-curve. This result may be due to functional changes involving GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission within the corpus callosum.

摘要

精神运动表现异常在精神分裂症患者以及慢性大麻使用者中均是常见的表现。基底神经节、大脑皮层和小脑中高水平的中枢大麻素(CB(1))受体表明它们参与了运动活动的调节。基于大麻使用、内源性大麻素系统与精神分裂症中发现的运动障碍之间的密切关系,我们预期给予大麻素可能会改变精神运动活动模式,如同在精神分裂症患者中那样。这项前瞻性、双盲、安慰剂对照的交叉研究,通过比较Δ9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-THC)和含有Δ9-THC与大麻二酚的标准化大麻提取物,研究了大麻素对24名健康右利手志愿者(年龄27.9±2.9岁,12名男性)精神运动表现的急性影响。通过使用手指敲击测试系列来评估精神运动表现。大麻提取物而非Δ9-THC,显示出右手敲击频率显著降低,这在精神分裂症患者中也有发现。至于纯Δ9-THC情况,左手敲击频率与Δ9-THC代谢物11-羟基-THC的血浆浓度相关。这些效应被认为与大麻素对基底神经节、大脑皮层和小脑中CB(1)受体的作用有关。我们的数据进一步表明,在大麻提取物条件下急性CB(1)受体激活也可能影响作为半球间传递指标的双手协调性(IMC)。作为中毒主观感知指标的AIR量表评分与IMC呈剂量依赖性相关,表现为倒U形曲线。这一结果可能是由于胼胝体内涉及γ-氨基丁酸能和谷氨酸能神经传递的功能变化所致。

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