Wright Madison, Di Ciano Patricia, Brands Bruna
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2020 Sep 2;5(3):191-196. doi: 10.1089/can.2019.0052. eCollection 2020.
Anxiety disorders have the highest lifetime prevalence of any mental illness worldwide, leading to high societal costs and economic burden. Current pharmacotherapies for anxiety disorders are associated with adverse effects and low efficacy. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a constituent of the plant, which has potential therapeutic properties for various indications. After the recent legalization of cannabis, CBD has drawn increased attention as a potential treatment, as the majority of existing data suggest it is safe, well tolerated, has few adverse effects, and demonstrates no potential for abuse or dependence in humans. Pre-clinical research using animal models of innate fear and anxiety-like behaviors have found anxiolytic, antistress, anticompulsive, and panicolytic-like effects of CBD. Preliminary evidence from human trials using both healthy volunteers and individuals with social anxiety disorder, suggests that CBD may have anxiolytic effects. Although these findings are promising, future research is warranted to determine the efficacy of CBD in other anxiety disorders, establish appropriate doses, and determine its long-term efficacy. The majority of pre-clinical and clinical research has been conducted using males only. Among individuals with anxiety disorders, the prevalence rates, symptomology, and treatment response differ between males and females. Thus, future research should focus on this area due to the lack of research in females and the knowledge gap on sex and gender differences in the effectiveness of CBD as a potential treatment for anxiety.
焦虑症在全球所有精神疾病中终生患病率最高，导致高昂的社会成本和经济负担。目前用于治疗焦虑症的药物疗法存在副作用且疗效不佳。大麻二酚（CBD）是该植物的一种成分，对多种病症具有潜在治疗特性。在大麻近期合法化之后，CBD作为一种潜在治疗方法受到了更多关注，因为现有大多数数据表明它安全、耐受性良好、副作用少，且在人类中无滥用或成瘾潜力。使用先天性恐惧和焦虑样行为动物模型进行的临床前研究发现，CBD具有抗焦虑、抗应激、抗强迫和抗惊恐样作用。来自使用健康志愿者和社交焦虑症患者的人体试验的初步证据表明，CBD可能具有抗焦虑作用。尽管这些发现很有前景，但仍需开展进一步研究，以确定CBD在其他焦虑症中的疗效、确定合适剂量并确定其长期疗效。大多数临床前和临床研究仅使用雄性进行。在焦虑症患者中，男性和女性的患病率、症状表现及治疗反应存在差异。因此，由于缺乏针对女性的研究以及在CBD作为焦虑症潜在治疗方法的有效性方面存在性别差异知识空白，未来研究应聚焦于这一领域。
