Sudakin Daniel, Power Laura E
Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009 Mar;47(3):243-7. doi: 10.1080/15563650802516160.
This investigation utilized spatial scan statistics, geographic information systems, and multiple data sources to assess spatial clustering of statewide methamphetamine-related incidents. Temporal and spatial associations with regulatory interventions to reduce access to precursor chemicals (pseudoephedrine) were also explored.
Four statewide data sources were utilized including regional poison control center statistics, fatality incidents, methamphetamine laboratory seizures, and hazardous substance releases involving methamphetamine laboratories. Spatial clustering of methamphetamine incidents was assessed using SaTScan. SaTScan was also utilized to assess space-time clustering of methamphetamine laboratory incidents, in relation to the enactment of regulations to reduce access to pseudoephedrine.
Five counties with a significantly higher relative risk of methamphetamine-related incidents were identified. The county identified as the most likely cluster had a significantly elevated relative risk of methamphetamine laboratories (RR = 11.5), hazardous substance releases (RR = 8.3), and fatalities relating to methamphetamine (RR = 1.4). A significant increase in relative risk of methamphetamine laboratory incidents was apparent in this same geographic area (RR = 20.7) during the time period when regulations were enacted in 2004 and 2005, restricting access to pseudoephedrine. Subsequent to the enactment of these regulations, a significantly lower rate of incidents (RR = 0.111, p = 0.0001) was observed over a large geographic area of the state, including regions that previously had significantly higher rates.
Spatial and temporal scan statistics can be effectively applied to multiple data sources to assess regional variation in methamphetamine-related incidents, and explore the impact of preventive regulatory interventions.
本研究利用空间扫描统计、地理信息系统和多个数据源，评估全州范围内与甲基苯丙胺相关事件的空间聚集情况。还探讨了与减少前体化学品（伪麻黄碱）获取的监管干预措施的时间和空间关联。
利用了四个全州范围的数据源，包括区域中毒控制中心统计数据、死亡事件、甲基苯丙胺实验室查获情况以及涉及甲基苯丙胺实验室的有害物质泄漏情况。使用SaTScan评估甲基苯丙胺事件的空间聚集情况。还利用SaTScan评估甲基苯丙胺实验室事件的时空聚集情况，以及与减少伪麻黄碱获取的法规颁布之间的关系。
确定了五个与甲基苯丙胺相关事件相对风险显著较高的县。被确定为最可能聚集区的县，其甲基苯丙胺实验室的相对风险显著升高（相对风险RR = 11.5）、有害物质泄漏（RR = 8.3）以及与甲基苯丙胺相关的死亡（RR = 1.4）。在2004年和2005年颁布限制伪麻黄碱获取的法规期间，同一地理区域内甲基苯丙胺实验室事件的相对风险显著增加（RR = 20.7）。这些法规颁布后，在该州的大片地理区域内观察到事件发生率显著降低（RR = 0.111，p = 0.0001），包括之前发生率显著较高的地区。
空间和时间扫描统计可有效地应用于多个数据源，以评估与甲基苯丙胺相关事件的区域差异，并探讨预防性监管干预措施的影响。
