McMillan Garnett P, Hanson Timothy E, Lapham Sandra C
Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest, 612 Encino Pl NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2007 Mar;39(2):252-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2006.07.012. Epub 2006 Sep 26.
On July 1, 1995 the state of New Mexico lifted its ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales. Legislation lifting the ban included a local option allowing individual communities within the state to hold an election to reinstitute the ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales. Previous research has shown a clear statewide increase in alcohol-related crash and crash fatality rates after the ban was lifted. The goal of this study is to measure county-level variability in changes in alcohol-related crash rates while adjusting for county socio-demographic characteristics, spatial patterns in crash rates and temporal trends in alcohol-related crash rates. Bayesian hierarchical binomial regression models were fit to the observed quarterly crash counts for all counties between July 1, 1990 and June 30, 2000. Results show marked variability in the impact of legalized Sunday packaged alcohol sales on alcohol-related crash rates. Relative risks of an alcohol-related crash for the post-repeal versus pre-repeal period vary across counties from 1.04 to 1.90. Counties with older population suffered a greater negative impact of legalized Sunday packaged alcohol sales. Counties with communities that quickly passed the local option to re-ban packaged sales on Sundays were able to mitigate most of the deleterious impact of increased alcohol availability that was observed across the state.
1995年7月1日，新墨西哥州解除了对周日酒类包装销售的禁令。解除禁令的立法包括一项地方选择权，允许该州内的各个社区举行选举，以重新实施对周日酒类包装销售的禁令。此前的研究表明，禁令解除后，全州与酒精相关的撞车事故和撞车死亡率明显上升。本研究的目的是在考虑县社会人口特征、撞车率的空间模式以及与酒精相关的撞车率的时间趋势的情况下，衡量与酒精相关的撞车率变化的县级差异。对1990年7月1日至2000年6月30日期间所有县观察到的季度撞车事故数拟合贝叶斯分层二项回归模型。结果表明，周日酒类包装销售合法化对与酒精相关的撞车率的影响存在显著差异。废除禁令后与废除禁令前相比，与酒精相关的撞车事故的相对风险在各县之间从1.04到1.90不等。人口老龄化的县受到周日酒类包装销售合法化的负面影响更大。那些社区迅速通过地方选择权重新禁止周日包装销售的县，能够减轻全州范围内观察到的酒精供应增加带来的大部分有害影响。
