Centre for Mental Health Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology, and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Addiction. 2011 Nov;106(11):1911-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03582.x. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
To assess the effectiveness of methamphetamine precursor regulations in reducing illicit methamphetamine supply and use.
A systematic review of 12 databases was used to identify studies that had evaluated the impact of methamphetamine precursor regulations on methamphetamine supply and/or use. The guidelines of the Effective Practice and Organization of Care Group (EPOC) of The Cochrane Collaboration were used to determine which study designs were included and assess their quality.
Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated 15 interventions (13 regulations and two related interdiction efforts), all of which were located in North America. Interventions had consistent impacts across various indicators of methamphetamine supply and use. Seven of the 15 interventions produced reductions in methamphetamine indicators (ranging from 12% to 77%). Two of the largest impacts were seen following interdiction efforts, involving the closure of rogue pharmaceutical companies. There was no evidence of a shift into other types of drug use, or injecting use, although the impact on the synthetic drug market was not examined. Null effects were related largely to the existence of alternative sources of precursor chemicals or the availability of imported methamphetamine.
Methamphetamine precursor regulations can reduce indicators of methamphetamine supply and use. Further research is needed to determine whether regulations can be effective outside North America, particularly in developing countries, and what impact they have on the broader synthetic drug market. Improved data on precursor diversion are needed to facilitate the evaluation of precursor regulations.
评估冰毒前体管制措施在减少非法冰毒供应和使用方面的效果。
系统检索了 12 个数据库，以确定评估冰毒前体管制措施对冰毒供应和/或使用影响的研究。采用 Cochrane 协作组织有效实践和组织关怀指南（EPOC）来确定纳入哪些研究设计并评估其质量。
有 10 项研究符合纳入标准。这些研究评估了 15 项干预措施（13 项法规和两项相关的缉毒努力），均位于北美。干预措施对各种冰毒供应和使用指标的影响具有一致性。15 项干预措施中有 7 项产生了冰毒指标的降低（范围为 12%至 77%）。两项最大的影响是在缉毒努力之后出现的，涉及关闭流氓制药公司。虽然没有证据表明转向其他类型的药物使用或注射使用，但没有对合成毒品市场的影响进行检查。无效结果主要与替代前体化学品来源的存在或进口冰毒的可用性有关。
冰毒前体法规可以减少冰毒供应和使用的指标。需要进一步研究以确定法规在北美以外地区，特别是在发展中国家是否有效，以及它们对更广泛的合成毒品市场的影响。需要更好的数据来促进对前体法规的评估。
