Nikaido Hiroshi
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 2009;78:119-46. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.78.082907.145923.
Large amounts of antibiotics used for human therapy, as well as for farm animals and even for fish in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistance in bacteria may be generated by one of two mechanisms. First, these bacteria may accumulate multiple genes, each coding for resistance to a single drug, within a single cell. This accumulation occurs typically on resistance (R) plasmids. Second, multidrug resistance may also occur by the increased expression of genes that code for multidrug efflux pumps, extruding a wide range of drugs. This review discusses our current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance.
大量用于人类治疗的抗生素，以及用于农场动物甚至水产养殖鱼类的抗生素，导致了对多种药物耐药的病原菌的产生。细菌中的多重耐药性可能由两种机制之一产生。首先，这些细菌可能在单个细胞内积累多个基因，每个基因编码对一种单一药物的耐药性。这种积累通常发生在耐药（R）质粒上。其次，多重耐药性也可能通过编码多药外排泵的基因表达增加而发生，这些泵能排出多种药物。本综述讨论了我们目前对这两种耐药类型所涉及的分子机制的认识。
