Ramirez Daniel A, Bahna Sami L
Allergy & Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Clin Mol Allergy. 2009 Feb 20;7:4. doi: 10.1186/1476-7961-7-4.
Though not widely recognized, food hypersensitivity by inhalation can cause major morbidity in affected individuals. The exposure is usually more obvious and often substantial in occupational environments but frequently occurs in non-occupational settings, such as homes, schools, restaurants, grocery stores, and commercial flights. The exposure can be trivial, as in mere smelling or being in the vicinity of the food. The clinical manifestations can vary from a benign respiratory or cutaneous reaction to a systemic one that can be life-threatening. In addition to strict avoidance, such highly-sensitive subjects should carry self-injectable epinephrine and wear MedicAlert(R) identification. Asthma is a strong predisposing factor and should be well-controlled. It is of great significance that food inhalation can cause de novo sensitization.
尽管未得到广泛认可，但通过吸入引起的食物过敏可在受影响个体中导致严重发病。这种暴露在职业环境中通常更为明显且往往程度较重，但也经常发生在非职业环境中，如家庭、学校、餐馆、杂货店和商业航班上。暴露可能很轻微，比如仅仅是闻到食物的味道或处于食物附近。临床表现可能从良性的呼吸道或皮肤反应到可能危及生命的全身性反应不等。除了严格避免接触外，这类高敏个体应携带可自行注射的肾上腺素并佩戴医疗警示标识。哮喘是一个重要的易感因素，应得到良好控制。食物吸入可导致新发致敏，这一点具有重要意义。
