Robert Christelle, Borella Erika, Fagot Delphine, Lecerf Thierry, de Ribaupierre Anik
University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Mem Cognit. 2009 Apr;37(3):336-45. doi: 10.3758/MC.37.3.336.
The aim of this study was to examine to what extent inhibitory control and working memory capacity are related across the life span. Intrusion errors committed by children and younger and older adults were investigated in two versions of the Reading Span Test. In Experiment 1, a mixed Reading Span Test with items of various list lengths was administered. Older adults and children recalled fewer correct words and produced more intrusions than did young adults. Also, age-related differences were found in the type of intrusions committed. In Experiment 2, an adaptive Reading Span Test was administered, in which the list length of items was adapted to each individual's working memory capacity. Age groups differed neither on correct recall nor on the rate of intrusions, but they differed on the type of intrusions. Altogether, these findings indicate that the availability of attentional resources influences the efficiency of inhibition across the life span.
本研究的目的是考察抑制控制和工作记忆容量在整个生命周期中的相关程度。通过两个版本的阅读广度测试，对儿童、年轻人和老年人所犯的侵入性错误进行了调查。在实验1中，实施了一个混合阅读广度测试，其中包含不同列表长度的项目。与年轻人相比，老年人和儿童回忆出的正确单词更少，产生的侵入性错误更多。此外，在所犯侵入性错误的类型上也发现了与年龄相关的差异。在实验2中，实施了一个自适应阅读广度测试，其中项目的列表长度根据每个人的工作记忆容量进行调整。各年龄组在正确回忆和侵入率方面没有差异，但在侵入类型上存在差异。总体而言，这些发现表明，注意力资源的可用性会影响整个生命周期中抑制的效率。
