Hedden Trey, Park Denise C
Department of Psychology, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2003 Mar;132(1):93-112. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.132.1.93.
Determining contributions of source-monitoring and inhibitory function to age-related forgetting has been an elusive goal for cognitive theorists. Five studies used a verbal working memory paradigm to examine mechanisms accounting for disproportionate retroactive interference (RI) experienced with adult aging. Participants distinguished studied target-word pairs from interfering pairs that were read aloud. Source-monitoring and inhibitory task components varied through manipulations of response requirements. RI effects were primarily due to source-monitoring failures rather than to inhibitory failures. Removing both source and inhibitory components eliminated age differences in RI. When source monitoring was emphasized, RI continued to be observed in all age groups but disproportionately for older adults. Process dissociation analyses of memory found recollection decreases and familiarity increases consistent with source failures.
确定源监测和抑制功能对与年龄相关遗忘的影响，一直是认知理论家难以实现的目标。五项研究采用言语工作记忆范式，来检验解释成年期衰老过程中不成比例的倒摄干扰（RI）的机制。参与者要将学过的目标词对与大声读出的干扰词对区分开来。通过操纵反应要求，源监测和抑制任务成分会有所不同。RI效应主要是由于源监测失败，而非抑制失败。去除源和抑制成分，消除了RI中的年龄差异。当强调源监测时，所有年龄组都继续观察到RI，但老年人的比例过高。记忆的过程分离分析发现，回忆减少而熟悉度增加，这与源失败一致。
