Pali-Schöll Isabella, Renz Harald, Jensen-Jarolim Erika
Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 May;123(5):1012-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.01.045. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
The factors responsible for the induction of allergic disease at an early age have not been completely identified. Therefore a major research focus is their identification to elaborate recommendations for prevention of sensitization in high-risk or atopic children. This review analyzes known or suspected reasons for sensitization in pregnant women and infants from both clinical and experimental animal studies. Recent studies and meta-analyses could not confirm the protective effect of an allergen-poor diet on the part of the mother during pregnancy and lactation. Likewise, the type of bottle feeding or the introduction of solid food into the child's diet might not significantly influence the development of atopy, allergy, or asthma in the child's life. Disappointingly, the few preventive measures remaining to reduce the risk of allergic sensitization and atopic diseases in mother and child are the avoidance of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and lactation and the avoidance of the impairment of gastric function. Further studies are urgently needed to address the influence of certain foods and nutrients, as well as environmental factors, for prevention of allergic diseases in the low- or high-risk infant.
导致儿童早期过敏性疾病的因素尚未完全明确。因此，一项主要的研究重点是对其进行识别，以便为高危或特应性儿童的致敏预防制定详细建议。本综述从临床和实验动物研究两方面分析了孕妇和婴儿致敏的已知或疑似原因。近期的研究和荟萃分析未能证实孕期和哺乳期母亲食用低变应原性饮食的保护作用。同样，奶瓶喂养方式或给儿童饮食中引入固体食物可能不会显著影响儿童期特应性、过敏或哮喘的发展。令人失望的是，为数不多的可降低母婴过敏性致敏和特应性疾病风险的预防措施是孕期和哺乳期避免吸烟和饮酒，以及避免胃功能受损。迫切需要进一步研究某些食物和营养素以及环境因素对低风险或高风险婴儿过敏性疾病预防的影响。
