Lack Gideon
Kings College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Children's Allergies Department, London, United Kingdom.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Jun;121(6):1331-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.032.
This article reviews possible risk factors and theories for the development of food allergy. It is noted that previous strategies to prevent food allergy through allergen avoidance during pregnancy, breast-feeding, and infancy have more recently been called into question. Alternative hypotheses are examined with respect to food allergy, namely the hygiene hypothesis, the dietary fat hypothesis, the antioxidant hypothesis, and the vitamin D hypotheses. An alternative hypothesis is proposed, suggesting that sensitization to allergen occurs through environmental exposure to allergen through the skin and that consumption of food allergen induces oral tolerance. This hypothesis provides a possible explanation for the close link between eczema and the development of food allergies. It also suggests novel interventional strategies to prevent the development of food allergies.
本文综述了食物过敏发生发展的潜在风险因素及相关理论。值得注意的是，以往通过孕期、哺乳期及婴儿期避免接触过敏原以预防食物过敏的策略，近来受到了质疑。本文探讨了关于食物过敏的其他假说，即卫生假说、膳食脂肪假说、抗氧化剂假说和维生素D假说。本文提出了另一种假说，认为通过皮肤接触环境中的过敏原会导致对过敏原的致敏，而食用食物过敏原则会诱导口服耐受。该假说为湿疹与食物过敏发生之间的紧密联系提供了一种可能的解释。它还提出了预防食物过敏发生的新干预策略。
