Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 9;11(1):12132. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91607-3.
The routine evaluation of water environments is necessary to manage enteric virus-mediated fecal contamination and the possible emergence of novel variants. Here, we detected human rotavirus A (HRVA) circulating in two wastewater treatment plants, two lakes, irrigation water and a wastewater landfill located in Riyadh. VP7-derived surface protein sequences were assessed by phylogenetic analyses and inspection of thermotolerance-mediated secondary structure and seasonal variation. HRVA was most prevalent at An-Nazim wastewater landfill (AN-WWLF; 63.89%). Phylogenetic analyzes revealed the predominance of HRVA G2 lineage for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, a single HRVA sequence (2B64I-ANLF3/2018) was recovered at 45 °C from AN-WWLF; secondary structure prediction indicated that this sequence was thermotolerant with a high hydrophobicity, an absence of Ramachandran outliers, and a higher content of proline patches on the protein surface. Varied relationships were significantly observed between sampling areas influenced by temperature ranges (p < 0.05). HRVA prevalence was influenced by seasonal variations, favoring moderate temperatures in late autumn and early winter in all locations. However, a significant temperature impact was detected in Wadi-Hanifah Lake (p = 0.01). Our study extends the knowledge of currently circulating HRVA genotypes, and indicates the probable emergence of thermotolerant strains and seasonally mediated HRVA prevalence.
对水环境进行常规评估对于管理肠道病毒介导的粪便污染和新变体的出现是必要的。在这里，我们检测了在利雅得的两个污水处理厂、两个湖泊、灌溉水和一个废水垃圾填埋场中循环的人轮状病毒 A (HRVA)。通过系统发育分析和耐热性介导的二级结构和季节性变化检查评估 VP7 衍生的表面蛋白序列。HRVA 在 An-Nazim 废水垃圾填埋场 (AN-WWLF；63.89%)最为流行。系统发育分析首次揭示了 HRVA G2 谱系在沙特阿拉伯的优势。此外，从 AN-WWLF 中回收了一个单一的 HRVA 序列（2B64I-ANLF3/2018），在 45°C 下；二级结构预测表明，该序列具有耐热性，具有较高的疏水性、无 Ramachandran 异常值和蛋白质表面上较高的脯氨酸斑块含量。受温度范围影响的采样区域之间观察到显著的变化关系 (p<0.05)。HRVA 的流行受季节性变化的影响，在所有地点，秋季末和初冬温和的温度有利于其流行。然而，在 Wadi-Hanifah 湖检测到温度的显著影响 (p=0.01)。我们的研究扩展了目前流行的 HRVA 基因型的知识，并表明耐热菌株和季节性介导的 HRVA 流行率的出现可能。
