[Nutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes].

The main nutritional goals in type 2 diabetes are to reduce overweight which is very frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes, to limit post-prandial hyperglycaemia and to decrease long-term cardiovascular risk. Hypocaloric diet is an important part of nutrition counseling in patients with type 2 diabetes leading to reduce weight and to increase insulin sensitivity. Saturated fat should not exceed 10% of daily caloric intake. Carbohydrates intake should be between 40% and 55% of daily caloric intake in equilibrium with mono-unsaturated fat intake ranging between 10% and 25%. In type 2 diabetic patients featuring abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia), the advised intakes of carbohydrates and mono-unsaturated fat will be respectively 40% and 25%. Carbohydrates with high glycemic index have to be consumed during meals containing lipids and proteins in order to reduce their hyperglycemic effect. Moreover, an "anti-atherogenic" diet containing enough fruits, vegetables and fish should be advised in patients with type 2 diabetes.