Beals Janette, Belcourt-Dittloff Annie, Freedenthal Stacey, Kaufman Carol, Mitchell Christina, Whitesell Nancy, Albright Karen, Beauvais Fred, Belcourt Gordon, Duran Bonnie, Fleming Candace, Floersch Natasha, Foley Kevin, Jervis Lori, Kipp Billie Jo, Mail Patricia, Manson Spero, May Philip, Mohatt Gerald, Morse Bradley, Novins Douglas, O'Connell Joan, Parker Tassy, Quintero Gilbert, Spicer Paul, Stiffman Arlene, Stone Joseph, Trimble Joseph, Venner Kamilla, Walters Karina
American Indian and Alaska Native Programs, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.
Psychol Bull. 2009 Mar;135(2):339-43; discussion 344-6. doi: 10.1037/a0014819.
In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings. These authors further argued that problematic alcohol use patterns in reservation communities are due to the lack of contingencies between drinking and "standard life reinforcers" (SLRs), such as employment, housing, education, and health care. This comment presents evidence that these arguments were based on a partial review of the literature. Weaknesses in the application of SLR constructs to American Indian reservation communities are identified as is the need for culturally contextualized empirical evidence supporting this theory and its application. Cautionary notes are offered about the development of literature reviews, theoretical frameworks, and policy recommendations for American Indian communities.
在他们最近的文章中，N. 斯皮兰和G. 史密斯指出，居住在保留地的美国印第安人酗酒问题的发生率高于非美国印第安人或居住在非保留地的美国印第安人。这些作者进一步认为，保留地社区存在的有问题的饮酒模式是由于饮酒与“标准生活强化因素”（SLRs）之间缺乏意外情况，如就业、住房、教育和医疗保健。本评论提供了证据，表明这些论点是基于对文献的部分回顾。文中指出了将SLR概念应用于美国印第安保留地社区时存在的弱点，以及需要有支持该理论及其应用的具有文化背景的实证证据。同时针对为美国印第安社区开展文献综述、理论框架和政策建议提出了警示。
