Gilden David L, Marusich Laura R
Department of Psychology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2009 Mar;23(2):265-9. doi: 10.1037/a0014553.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with anomalies in dopamine systems. Recent advances in the understanding of the core cognitive deficits in ADHD suggest that dopamine dysfunction might be expressed through shortened time scales in reward-based learning. Here this perspective is extended by the conjecture that temporal span in working memory systems might generally be shortened. As a test of this conjecture the authors focus on the implicit memory system involved in rhythmic movement, assessing the minimum tempo at which rhythmic feeling can be sustained in adults with diagnosed ADHD and in a control group of normal adults. The authors found that people with ADHD do in fact have a rhythm cut-off that is faster in tempo than those without ADHD. This finding is consistent with the idea that impaired dopamine dynamics have systemic consequences for cognitive function, essentially recalibrating the clock that sets the time scale for the subjective experience of temporal events.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与多巴胺系统异常有关。对ADHD核心认知缺陷理解的最新进展表明，多巴胺功能障碍可能通过基于奖励的学习中缩短的时间尺度来体现。在此，通过推测工作记忆系统中的时间跨度可能普遍缩短，这一观点得到了扩展。作为对这一推测的检验，作者们聚焦于参与节奏运动的内隐记忆系统，评估被诊断患有ADHD的成年人以及正常成年人对照组能够维持节奏感觉的最低节奏。作者们发现，患有ADHD的人实际上确实存在一个节奏截止点，其节奏比没有ADHD的人更快。这一发现与以下观点一致，即受损的多巴胺动态对认知功能具有系统性影响，本质上重新校准了为时间事件主观体验设定时间尺度的时钟。
