Paulus Yannis M, Gariano Ray F
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif., USA.
Geriatrics. 2009 Feb;64(2):16-20.
Diabetic retinopathy--already the leading cause of irreversible blindness in working age Americans--is a rising threat as the diabetic population increases. Vision loss occurs due to retinal ischemia, retinal vascular exudation, intraocular hemorrhage, and ultimately, fibrotic complications. Optimal management of blood glucose levels and hypertension reduces the incidence and progression of retinopathy. Appropriate screening ensures early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy and reduces vision loss. Recent advances in our understanding of diabetic microvascular complications have led to new treatments that, along with refinements in laser and surgical techniques, are improving visual outcomes.
糖尿病视网膜病变——已然是美国劳动年龄人群不可逆失明的首要原因——随着糖尿病患者数量的增加，正构成日益严重的威胁。视力丧失是由视网膜缺血、视网膜血管渗出、眼内出血以及最终的纤维化并发症所致。血糖水平和高血压的优化管理可降低视网膜病变的发生率和进展。适当的筛查可确保早期发现和管理糖尿病视网膜病变，并减少视力丧失。我们对糖尿病微血管并发症认识的最新进展催生了新的治疗方法，这些方法与激光和手术技术的改进一起，正在改善视觉效果。
