Nell V, Brown D S
Health Psychology Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
Soc Sci Med. 1991;33(3):289-96. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90363-h.
Using the method described in Part I (p. 283), data on the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Johannesburg are presented. The overall annual incidence of TBI is 316 per 100,000. Data for Africans and Whites show marked contrasts. Among Africans, incidence is 355/100,000, with a male-female ratio of 4.4, and 763/100,000 for males aged 25-44; for Whites, it is 109/100,000 overall, with a male-female ratio of 40.1, and 419/100,000 for men aged 15-24. The overall incidence of fatal TBI is 80/100,000, with a case fatality ratio of 0.20. Interpersonal violence accounts for 51% of nonfatal TBI among Africans, as against 10% for Whites, while motor vehicle accidents cause 27% of African nonfatal TBI and 63% among Whites. Some explanatory hypotheses for this race- and sex-specific skewing of the incidence and causes of TBI are developed.
采用第一部分（第283页）所述方法，列出了约翰内斯堡创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的流行病学数据。TBI的总体年发病率为每10万人316例。非洲人和白人的数据形成了鲜明对比。在非洲人中，发病率为每10万人355例，男女比例为4.4，25至44岁男性的发病率为每10万人763例；在白人中，总体发病率为每10万人109例，男女比例为40.1，15至24岁男性的发病率为每10万人419例。致命性TBI的总体发病率为每10万人80例，病死率为0.20。人际暴力占非洲人非致命性TBI的51%，而白人仅占10%，而机动车事故导致27%的非洲人非致命性TBI，白人中这一比例为63%。针对TBI发病率和病因在种族和性别上的这种特定偏差，提出了一些解释性假设。
