Thomas W B
J Nematol. 1996 Dec;28(4S):586-9.
Methyl bromide is used extensively on a global basis as a pesticide against nematodes, weeds, insects, fungi, bacteria, and rodents. As a soil fumigant, it is used in significant quantities in the production of strawberry and tomato, as well as other agriculture commodities. Grain, fresh fruit, forestry products, and other materials are fumigated with methyl bromide to control pest infestations during transport and storage. Structures also are treated with this chemical to control wood-destroying insects and rodents. However, methyl bromide has been identified as a significant ozone-depleting substance, resulting in regulatory actions being taken by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the United Nations Environment Program (Montreal Protocol). The science linking methyl bromide to ozone depletion is strong and was reinforced by the 1994 UNEP Montreal Protocol Science Assessment on Ozone Depletion, which states, "Methyl bromide continues to be viewed as a significant ozone-depleting compound." Identifying efficacious and viable alternatives in the near term is critical.
甲基溴在全球范围内被广泛用作杀虫剂，用于防治线虫、杂草、昆虫、真菌、细菌和啮齿动物。作为一种土壤熏蒸剂，它大量用于草莓和番茄以及其他农产品的生产中。谷物、新鲜水果、林产品和其他材料用甲基溴熏蒸，以控制运输和储存期间的虫害。建筑物也用这种化学品处理，以防治破坏木材的昆虫和啮齿动物。然而，甲基溴已被确定为一种重要的消耗臭氧层物质，美国环境保护局和联合国环境规划署（《蒙特利尔议定书》）已采取监管行动。将甲基溴与臭氧层损耗联系起来的科学依据确凿，1994年联合国环境规划署《蒙特利尔议定书关于臭氧层损耗的科学评估》进一步强化了这一点，该评估指出，“甲基溴仍然被视为一种重要的消耗臭氧层化合物”。在短期内确定有效且可行的替代品至关重要。
