Donkin S G, Eiteman M A, Williams P L
J Nematol. 1995 Sep;27(3):258-62.
An aquatic 24-hour lethality test using Caenorhabditis elegans was used to assess toxicity of glucosinolates and their enzymatic breakdown products. In the absence of the enzyme thioglucosidase (myrosinase), allyl glucosinolate (sinigrin) was found to be nontoxic at all concentrations tested, while a freeze-dried, dialyzed water extract of Crambe abyssinica containing 26% 2-hydroxyl 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin) had a 50% lethal concentration (LC) of 18.5 g/liter. Addition of the enzyme increased the toxicity (LC value) of sinigrin to 0.5 g/liter, but the enzyme had no effect on the toxicity of the C. abyssinica extract. Allyl isothiocyanate and allyl cyanide, two possible breakdown products of sinigrin, had an LC value of 0.04 g/liter and approximately 3 g/liter, respectively. Liquid chromatographic studies showed that a portion of the sinigrin decomposed into allyl isothiocyanate. The results indicated that allyl isothiocyanate is nearly three orders of magnitude more toxic to C. elegans than the corresponding glncosinolate, suggesting isothiocyanate formation would improve nematode control from application of glucosinolates.
使用秀丽隐杆线虫进行了一项为期24小时的水生致死性试验，以评估硫代葡萄糖苷及其酶促分解产物的毒性。在没有硫代葡萄糖苷酶（黑芥子酶）的情况下，发现烯丙基硫代葡萄糖苷（黑芥子硫苷）在所有测试浓度下均无毒，而含有26%2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫代葡萄糖苷（表前告伊春）的深海油菜冻干透析水提取物的半数致死浓度（LC）为18.5克/升。添加该酶后，黑芥子硫苷的毒性（LC值）增加到0.5克/升，但该酶对深海油菜提取物的毒性没有影响。黑芥子硫苷的两种可能分解产物烯丙基异硫氰酸酯和烯丙基氰化物的LC值分别为0.04克/升和约3克/升。液相色谱研究表明，一部分黑芥子硫苷分解成了烯丙基异硫氰酸酯。结果表明，烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性比相应的硫代葡萄糖苷高近三个数量级，这表明形成异硫氰酸酯将提高施用硫代葡萄糖苷对线虫的防治效果。
