Wintemute G J, Drake C, Wright M
Department of Family Practice, University of California, Davis, Sacramento.
Am J Dis Child. 1991 Oct;145(10):1200-3. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160100132038.
--Drowning and near-drowning in residential swimming pools are leading causes of morbidity and mortality for young children. We tested the hypothesis that the period immediately after a pool is acquired is a time of high risk for these events. This study was also designed to provide population-based data on swimming pool immersion events, regardless of severity.
--We conducted a mail survey of a probability sample of Sacramento County, California, households with in-ground swimming pools in January 1988; 80% of eligible subjects responded. Onset of exposure to a pool was defined as the month in which (1) the responding household had a pool installed, or (2) the responding household first occupied a residence with a pool. Exposures began in 1959 through 1987.
--The home swimming pool immersion event rate was 11 per 1000 pool-years. The rate per 1000 pool-years was higher for the first 6 months of exposure than thereafter (0 to 6 months, 44; 7 to 24 months, 14; greater than 24 months, seven), but 77% of events occurred outside the high-risk period. For households whose exposures began in 1984 through 1987, the immersion event rate was 51 per 1000 pool-years overall and 123 per 1000 pool-years for the first 6 months of pool exposure; these increases probably represent underreporting of earlier events. In this group, 48% of events occurred outside the high-risk period. The family swimming pool accounted for 91% of immersion events at the respondents' homes.
--The residential swimming pool is an important hazard for pool-owning households. The first 6 months of exposure constitute a high-risk period, but many immersion events occur later. Pool drowning prevention programs may focus on newly acquired swimming pools and their owners but should be as broad as possible to maximize their effectiveness.
——住宅游泳池溺水和近乎溺水是幼儿发病和死亡的主要原因。我们检验了一个假设，即购置游泳池后的紧接着一段时间是这些事件的高风险期。本研究还旨在提供基于人群的游泳池溺水事件数据，无论其严重程度如何。
——1988年1月，我们对加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托县有地下游泳池的家庭进行了概率抽样邮件调查；80%的符合条件的受试者做出了回应。接触游泳池的起始时间定义为以下月份：（1）做出回应的家庭安装了游泳池，或（2）做出回应的家庭首次入住有游泳池的住宅。接触始于1959年至1987年。
——家庭游泳池溺水事件发生率为每1000个游泳池年11起。接触的前6个月每1000个游泳池年的发生率高于此后（0至6个月，44起；7至24个月，14起；超过24个月，7起），但77%的事件发生在高风险期之外。对于接触始于1984年至1987年的家庭，总体溺水事件发生率为每1000个游泳池年51起，接触游泳池的前6个月为每1000个游泳池年123起；这些增加可能代表了早期事件报告不足。在这一组中，48%的事件发生在高风险期之外。家庭游泳池占受访者家中溺水事件的91%。
——住宅游泳池对拥有游泳池的家庭是一个重要的危险因素。接触的前6个月是高风险期，但许多溺水事件发生在之后。预防游泳池溺水项目可能侧重于新购置的游泳池及其所有者，但应尽可能广泛以使其效果最大化。
