Wintemute G J
Department of Family Practice, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento 95817.
Am J Dis Child. 1990 Jun;144(6):663-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150300061018.
More than 2000 children drown each year; in some states drowning is considered the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 years. Many survivors of near-drowning have permanent neurologic disability. There are two distinct high risk groups: children under 5 years of age and boys aged 15 to 19 years. Most drownings in the former group occur in residential pools. Among survivors, the clinical course is bimodal; intact survival and survival with severe permanent disability are the most likely outcomes. The outcome of an immersion event is determined within a few minutes of the onset of immersion, mandating an emphasis on primary prevention. A requirement for pool fencing is the most promising such strategy and could be implemented soon. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and (for older children) alcohol abuse prevention programs may be valuable adjuncts.
每年有超过2000名儿童溺水身亡；在一些州，溺水被认为是5岁以下儿童的主要死因。许多近乎溺水的幸存者都有永久性神经残疾。有两个不同的高危群体：5岁以下儿童和15至19岁的男孩。前一组中的大多数溺水事件发生在住宅游泳池中。在幸存者中，临床病程呈双峰型；完整存活和伴有严重永久性残疾的存活是最可能的结果。浸没事件的结果在浸没开始后的几分钟内就已确定，这就要求着重进行一级预防。泳池围栏要求是最有前景的此类策略，可能很快就能实施。心肺复苏培训以及（针对年龄较大儿童的）预防酗酒项目可能是有价值的辅助措施。
