Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A, Canizales-Quinteros Samuel, Rojas-Martínez Rosalba, Mehta Roopa, Villarreal-Molina Ma Teresa, Arellano-Campos Olimpia, Riba Laura, Gómez-Pérez Francisco J, Tusié-Luna Ma Teresa
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México DF, Mexico.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2009 Apr;20(2):92-7. doi: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283295e96.
Our aim is to review the environmental and genetic factors associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia in populations of Native American ancestry. We examine the strength of the association and outline the population-specific genetic factors that lead to a higher susceptibilty for this condition.
Low HDL is the most common lipid abnormality in populations of Native American ancestry. Population-based surveys carried out in Latin America and in Mexican Americans shows that 40-60% of adults have hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The contribution of this trait to the metabolic syndrome is greater in individuals with Native American ancestry than in other ethnic groups. Several environmental factors have contributed to this phenomenon (i.e. high dietary content of carbohydrates and fat due to cultural factors and a growing incidence of obesity). In addition, results from recent genetic studies show that certain hypoalphalipoproteinemia susceptibility alleles are ethnic specific for Native Americans. The variant R230C of the ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1 gene (ABC-A1) is common among mestizos (10.9% in Mexican mestizos) and its presence has a significant negative effect on HDL cholesterol levels (-4.2%). An additional noteworthy finding is that the R230C variant appears to be specific for the Amerindian populations. Its allele frequency is 0.28 in Mayans, 0.214 in Purepechas, 0.203 in Yaquis and 0.179 among Teenek. In contrast, the C230 allele has not been found in African, European, Chinese or South Asian populations.
The assessment of the genetic and environmental determinants of hypoalphalipoproteinemia in populations of Native American origin provides an opportunity to assess the population-specific interactions between genes and the environment
我们的目标是回顾与美洲原住民血统人群低α脂蛋白血症相关的环境和遗传因素。我们研究这种关联的强度，并概述导致该疾病更高易感性的特定人群遗传因素。
低高密度脂蛋白（HDL）是美洲原住民血统人群中最常见的脂质异常。在拉丁美洲和墨西哥裔美国人中进行的基于人群的调查显示，40%至60%的成年人患有低α脂蛋白血症。与其他种族群体相比，这种特征对代谢综合征的影响在有美洲原住民血统的个体中更大。几种环境因素促成了这一现象（即由于文化因素导致碳水化合物和脂肪的高饮食含量以及肥胖发生率不断上升）。此外，最近的基因研究结果表明，某些低α脂蛋白血症易感等位基因是美洲原住民特有的。ATP结合盒转运子A亚家族成员1基因（ABC - A1）的R230C变体在混血儿中很常见（在墨西哥混血儿中为10.9%），其存在对HDL胆固醇水平有显著负面影响（-4.2%）。另一个值得注意的发现是，R230C变体似乎是美洲印第安人群特有的。其等位基因频率在玛雅人中为0.28，在普埃佩查人中为0.214，在亚基人中为0.203，在特内克人中为0.179。相比之下，在非洲、欧洲、中国或南亚人群中未发现C230等位基因。
对美洲原住民血统人群低α脂蛋白血症的遗传和环境决定因素进行评估，为评估基因与环境之间特定人群的相互作用提供了一个机会
