Bell D M
Hospital Infections Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Am J Med. 1991 Sep 16;91(3B):294S-300S. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90385-b.
Surveillance data and case reports document that health care workers (HCWs) risk occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Transmission of HIV to patients of an infected HCW during invasive procedures has also been reported. The risk to a susceptible HCW depends on the prevalence of HIV infection among patients, the nature and frequency of occupational blood exposures, and the risk of transmission per exposure. Blood exposure rates vary by occupation, by procedure, and by compliance with preventive measures. Future efforts to protect both HCWs and patients must include improved surveillance, risk assessment, study of postexposure prophylaxis, and an emphasis on exposure prevention, including development of safer medical devices, work practices, and personal protective equipment that are acceptable to HCWs and do not adversely affect patient care.
监测数据和病例报告表明，医护人员面临职业性感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险。也有报告称，在侵入性操作过程中，受感染医护人员会将HIV传播给患者。易感染医护人员面临的风险取决于患者中HIV感染的流行情况、职业性血液暴露的性质和频率，以及每次暴露的传播风险。血液暴露率因职业、操作程序以及对预防措施的遵守情况而异。未来保护医护人员和患者的工作必须包括加强监测、风险评估、暴露后预防研究，并强调预防暴露，包括开发医护人员可接受且不会对患者护理产生不利影响的更安全的医疗设备、工作方法和个人防护装备。
