Egan Kathleen M
Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;19(7):455-61. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.01.005. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
Ultraviolet light from sunlight and other sources is the major environmental risk factor for melanoma of the skin. Humans also derive most of their vitamin D from exposure to sunlight. This article reviews current evidence that vitamin D might play a preventive role in the development of melanoma or affect tumor aggressiveness or melanoma patient outcomes.
Literature review.
The vitamin D receptor has been identified in normal melanocytes as well as melanoma cell lines and primary tissue. A few studies have demonstrated relationships of functional polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor with melanoma risk or tumor aggressiveness. Identifying an independent influence of vitamin D on melanoma risk is hampered by overwhelming confounding by the carcinogenic influence of ultraviolet radiation on skin melanocytes. Nonetheless an inverse association was suggested in a few studies with greater consumption of dairy foods or other dietary sources. Several lines of evidence are consistent with a potential influence for vitamin D on site-specific aggressiveness of skin melanomas, therapeutic response or patient survival.
Additional research is needed to determine whether vitamin D may have a preventive role in melanoma incidence or a salutary influence on melanoma patient outcome.
来自阳光及其他来源的紫外线是皮肤黑色素瘤的主要环境风险因素。人类的大部分维生素D也来源于阳光照射。本文综述了当前的证据，即维生素D可能在黑色素瘤的发生发展中起到预防作用，或影响肿瘤侵袭性及黑色素瘤患者的预后。
文献综述。
在正常黑素细胞、黑色素瘤细胞系及原发组织中均已鉴定出维生素D受体。一些研究已证明维生素D受体的功能多态性与黑色素瘤风险或肿瘤侵袭性之间存在关联。紫外线辐射对皮肤黑素细胞的致癌影响造成了极大的混杂因素，这阻碍了确定维生素D对黑色素瘤风险的独立影响。尽管如此，一些研究表明，食用较多乳制品或其他膳食来源与黑色素瘤风险呈负相关。有几条证据线表明，维生素D可能对皮肤黑色素瘤的特定部位侵袭性、治疗反应或患者生存有潜在影响。
需要进一步研究以确定维生素D是否可能对黑色素瘤的发病率有预防作用，或对黑色素瘤患者的预后有有益影响。
