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寄主植物对线虫抗性的可获得性、开发及利用现状

Current status of the availability, development, and use of host plant resistance to nematodes.

作者信息

Roberts P A

出版信息

J Nematol. 1992 Jun;24(2):213-27.

Abstract

Host plant resistance (HPR) to nematodes has been identified in many major crops and related wild germplasm. Most HPR is to the more specialized, sedentary endoparasitic genera and species, e.g., Globodera, Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Nacobbus, Rotylenchulus, and Tylenchulus. Some HPR has been developed or identified also to certain migratory endoparasites (Aphelenchoides, Ditylenchus, Pratylenchus, Radopholus) in a few hosts. Commercial use of HPR remains limited, despite its benefits to crop production when deployed appropriately. Restricted use and availability of HPR result from problems associated with transfer of resistance into acceptable cultivars. Difficulties occur in gene transfer to acceptable cultivars because of incompatibility barriers to hybridization or linkage to undesirable traits, for example in cucurbitaceous and solanaceous crops and sugarbeet. Specificity of HPR to only one species, or one or few pathotypes, as it relates to resistance durability and nematode virulence, and HPR response to abiotic factors such as high soil temperature, also limit availability and utility. A scheme for HPR development is presented to emphasize nematology research and information requirements for expanding HPR use in nematode control programs, for example in common bean, sugarbeet, and tomato. Nonbiological factors that influence HPR usage are discussed, including heavy reliance on nematicide programs, low priority of nematode HPR in many breeding programs, and insufficient breeder-nematologist collaboration.

摘要

在许多主要作物及其相关野生种质中已发现寄主植物对线虫具有抗性(HPR)。大多数HPR针对的是更为专一的、定居型内寄生线虫属和种,例如球孢囊线虫属、异皮线虫属、根结线虫属、纳科布线虫属、轮线虫属和长针线虫属。在少数寄主中,也已开发或鉴定出针对某些迁移型内寄生线虫(如拟滑刃线虫属、茎线虫属、短体线虫属、穿孔线虫属)的一些HPR。尽管HPR在适当应用时对作物生产有益,但其商业应用仍然有限。HPR的使用受限和可获得性低是由于将抗性转移到可接受品种中存在问题。由于杂交的不亲和障碍或与不良性状的连锁,例如在葫芦科、茄科作物和甜菜中,将基因转移到可接受品种中会遇到困难。HPR仅针对一个物种或一个或少数几个致病型的特异性,以及与抗性持久性和线虫毒力相关的问题,还有HPR对非生物因素(如高土壤温度)的反应,也限制了其可获得性和实用性。本文提出了一个HPR开发方案,以强调线虫学研究以及在扩大HPR在线虫防治计划(例如在菜豆、甜菜和番茄中)中的应用方面的信息需求。讨论了影响HPR使用的非生物因素,包括严重依赖杀线虫剂计划、在许多育种计划中线虫HPR的优先级较低以及育种家与线虫学家之间的合作不足。

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