Duncan R A, Stapleton J J, McKenry M V
J Nematol. 1992 Dec;24(4S):681-7.
Placement of a 3-m-wide, black, polyethylene film mulch down rows of peach (Prunus persica 'Red Haven' on 'Lovell' rootstock) and almond (Prunus dulcis 'Nonpareil' on 'Lovell') trees in the San Joaquin Valley of California resulted in irrigation water conservation of 75%, higher soil temperature in the surface 30 cm, a tendency toward greater root mass, elimination of weeds, and a greater abundance of Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles in soil but reduced root galling when compared to the nonmulched control. Population levels of Pratylenchus hexincisus, a nematode found within tree roots, were reduced by mulching, as were those of Tylenchulus semipenetrans, which survived on old grape roots remaining from a previously planted vineyard, and Paratrichodorus minor, which probably fed on roots of various weed species growing in the nonmulched soil. Populations of Pythium ultimum were not significantly changed, probably also due to the biological refuge of the old grape roots and moderate soil heating level. Trunk diameters of peach trees were increased by mulching, but those of almond trees were reduced by the treatment. Leaf petiole analysis indicated that concentrations of mineral nutrients were inconsistent, except for a significant increase in Ca in both tree species.
在加利福尼亚州圣华金谷，沿成排的桃树（‘Lovell’砧木上的‘Red Haven’油桃）和杏树（‘Lovell’砧木上的‘Nonpareil’扁桃）铺设3米宽的黑色聚乙烯地膜，结果表明，与未覆盖地膜的对照相比，灌溉水节约了75%，地表30厘米处土壤温度更高，根系有增大的趋势，杂草得以清除，土壤中南方根结线虫二期幼虫数量更多，但根瘤形成减少。覆盖地膜使在树根内发现的一种线虫——六纹短体线虫的种群数量减少，也使半穿刺线虫的种群数量减少，半穿刺线虫以前在一个葡萄园遗留的老葡萄树根上存活，还使微小拟毛刺线虫的种群数量减少，微小拟毛刺线虫可能以未覆盖地膜土壤中生长的各种杂草的根为食。终极腐霉的种群数量没有显著变化，这可能也是由于老葡萄树根的生物庇护作用和适度的土壤加热水平。覆盖地膜使桃树树干直径增大，但使杏树树干直径减小。叶柄分析表明，除了两种树的钙含量显著增加外，矿质养分浓度不一致。
