McGinnis Debra
Department of Psychology, Oakland University, 2200 North Squirrel Road, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 Mar;64(2):202-11. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp005. Epub 2009 Mar 12.
Aging may be associated with an increase in generalized text processing, particularly in adults older than 75 years. The current study examined text comprehension in young, young-old, and old-old adults. Experiment 1 included a comprehension measure (product) and Experiment 2 examined inferences generated during reading (process). Comprehension scores were lowest in old-old adults. Generalized and elaborative inference scores were highest in old-old adults. Participants over 65 years with the lowest scores on cognitive integrity variables also had significantly lower comprehension scores, but there was no effect of cognitive integrity on inference scores. This dissociation suggests that inferential processes may be maintained even when cognitive integrity and comprehension declines are present. Relevance to cognitive aging theories addressing text processing and self-regulatory processes is addressed.
衰老可能与整体文本处理能力的增强有关，尤其是在75岁以上的成年人中。当前的研究考察了年轻、年轻老年人和高龄老年人的文本理解能力。实验1包括一项理解测量（结果），实验2考察了阅读过程中产生的推理（过程）。高龄老年人的理解分数最低。广义和精细推理分数在高龄老年人中最高。在认知完整性变量上得分最低的65岁以上参与者的理解分数也显著更低，但认知完整性对推理分数没有影响。这种分离表明，即使存在认知完整性和理解能力下降的情况，推理过程可能仍能维持。文中还探讨了其与涉及文本处理和自我调节过程的认知衰老理论的相关性。
