Dixon Matthew L, Ruppel Justin, Pratt Jay, De Rosa Eve
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2009 Apr;16(2):418-23. doi: 10.3758/PBR.16.2.418.
We examined whether the selection mechanisms committed to the suppression of ignored stimuli can be modified by experience to produce a sustained, rather than transient, change in behavior. Subjects repeatedly ignored the shape of stimuli, while attending to their color. On subsequent attention to shape, there was a robust and sustained decrement in performance that was selective to when shape was ignored across multiple-color-target contexts, relative to a single-color-target context. Thus, amount of time ignored was not sufficient to induce a sustained performance decrement. Moreover, in this group, individual differences in initial color target selection were associated with the subsequent performance decrement when attending to previously ignored stimuli. Accompanying this sustained decrement in performance was a transfer in the locus of suppression from an exemplar (e.g., a circle) to a feature (i.e., shape) level of representation. These data suggest that learning can influence attentional selection by sustained attentional suppression of ignored stimuli.
我们研究了致力于抑制被忽视刺激的选择机制是否可以通过经验进行修改，从而产生行为上持续而非短暂的变化。受试者反复忽略刺激的形状，同时关注其颜色。在随后对形状的关注中，相对于单色目标情境，在多色目标情境中，当形状被忽略时，表现出现了强烈且持续的下降，这种下降具有选择性。因此，被忽略的时间不足以导致持续的表现下降。此外，在这组受试者中，最初颜色目标选择的个体差异与随后关注先前被忽略的刺激时的表现下降有关。伴随着这种持续的表现下降，抑制位点从示例（例如圆形）转移到了特征（即形状）表征水平。这些数据表明，学习可以通过对被忽略刺激的持续注意力抑制来影响注意力选择。
