St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrrace, London SW17 ORE, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009 Oct;23(5):711-24. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.02.001. Epub 2009 Mar 18.
Ovarian cyst accidents include cyst rupture, haemorrhage and torsion. Torsion commonly occurs to the whole adnexa and is not necessarily associated with an ovarian cyst. Suspected adnexal torsion should always be managed with early laparoscopy and de-torsion of the twisted tube or ovary. Ovarian cyst rupture and haemorrhage usually occur in association with physiological (functional) cysts and are generally self-limiting. Laparoscopy may be necessary in cases where the diagnosis is in doubt or for haemodynamic compromise. Clinical features of ovarian cyst accidents are nonspecific. Ultrasound is the first-line investigation and is diagnostic in the case of haemorrhage. Typical ultrasound findings have been described for ovarian torsion, including an enlarged oedematous ovary with peripheral displacement of follicles. Doppler blood flow findings are variable and not diagnostic. Recurrent cyst rupture or haemorrhage should be prevented by suppression of ovulation, usually with the combined oral contraceptive. Fixation of the ovary by a variety of techniques should be considered to prevent recurrent torsion.
卵巢囊肿并发症包括囊肿破裂、出血和扭转。扭转通常发生在整个附件上，不一定与卵巢囊肿有关。疑似附件扭转应始终通过早期腹腔镜检查和扭曲的管或卵巢的扭转来处理。卵巢囊肿破裂和出血通常与生理（功能性）囊肿有关，通常是自限性的。在诊断有疑问或血液动力学受损的情况下，可能需要腹腔镜检查。卵巢囊肿并发症的临床特征是非特异性的。超声检查是一线检查，在出血的情况下具有诊断价值。已经描述了卵巢扭转的典型超声表现，包括卵巢肿大、水肿，伴有卵泡周围移位。多普勒血流发现是可变的，没有诊断意义。通过抑制排卵（通常使用复方口服避孕药）可以预防反复的囊肿破裂或出血。通过各种技术固定卵巢应被考虑以防止反复扭转。
