Amin Yahia A, Nour Amna H M, Mohamed Ragab H
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt.
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 14;15(1):12837. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94941-y.
A significant factor contributing to reproductive failure in dairy cattle that raised the possibility of culling was ovarian cysts. Its etiology and pathogenesis remained a puzzle, but investigation of the associated tissue modulation, particularly those of the ovaries, oviduct, and uterus, might shed some light on its development. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess changes induced by follicular and luteal cyst formation in the ovary, oviduct, and uterus. In addition, the aims also involved the effect of these cyst formations on the interstitial glands and mast cell distribution in the ovaries of dairy cows. Genital organs of healthy, non-pregnant buffalo-cows (n = 45) were collected from the abattoir. According to the ovarian status, buffalo-cows were divided into three equal groups (15 for each): one normal healthy group was the control group (Ctrl group) and two diseased groups. The first diseased group was the group of buffalo-cows with follicular cysts (FC group), while the second one was the group with luteal cysts (LC group). Blood and tissue samples were collected to determine progesterone levels and do histological investigations of the reproductive organs. Hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue-PAS, and Alcian blue-safranin-O stains were used for investigating ovarian tissues, interstitial glands (IGs), and mast cells (MCs), respectively. Results showed that significantly reduced thickness of the ovarian cortex and medulla, loss of ovarian folliculi, hemorrhage, and dilated blood vessels were observed in the FC and LC groups compared to the Ctrl group. In addition, the cystic ovaries significantly reduced interstitial gland count that was characterized by histopathological alterations that included atrophied and apoptotic cells and fragmentation, fading, and pyknotic nuclei. Likewise, in cystic ovaries, mast cell counts were found significantly reduced compared to the Ctrl group. The ovarian cysts significantly reduced the length and diameter of oviductal mucosal villi that were characterized by severe histopathological fluctuation in the ciliated cells and protruding and non-protruding secretory cells. For the uterus, the average thickness of the myometrium and endometrium in the ovarian cyst groups was significantly reduced compared to the Ctrl group. Furthermore, histopathological changes in the uterine glands, including severe apoptotic alterations, fading, pyknotic, and fragmented nuclei, were observed. In conclusion, the current study indicated that follicular and luteal cyst formations in the ovary induced various changes in the reproductive organs, interstitial glands, and mast cell distribution in the ovarian stroma, providing insights into the potential pathogenesis of cyst formation.
卵巢囊肿是导致奶牛繁殖失败并增加淘汰可能性的一个重要因素。其病因和发病机制仍是一个谜，但对相关组织调节的研究，特别是卵巢、输卵管和子宫的组织调节研究，可能会为其发展提供一些线索。因此，本研究旨在评估卵泡囊肿和黄体囊肿形成对卵巢、输卵管和子宫的影响。此外，研究目标还包括这些囊肿形成对奶牛卵巢间质腺和肥大细胞分布的影响。从屠宰场收集健康、未怀孕的母水牛（n = 45）的生殖器官。根据卵巢状态，将母水牛分为三个相等的组（每组15头）：一个正常健康组作为对照组（Ctrl组）和两个患病组。第一个患病组是患有卵泡囊肿的母水牛组（FC组），而第二个是患有黄体囊肿的组（LC组）。采集血液和组织样本以测定孕酮水平，并对生殖器官进行组织学研究。苏木精和伊红、阿尔辛蓝 - 过碘酸希夫以及阿尔辛蓝 - 番红O染色分别用于研究卵巢组织、间质腺（IGs）和肥大细胞（MCs）。结果显示，与Ctrl组相比，FC组和LC组的卵巢皮质和髓质厚度显著降低，卵泡丢失，出血，血管扩张。此外，囊肿性卵巢间质腺数量显著减少，其组织病理学改变包括细胞萎缩、凋亡以及核碎裂、褪色和固缩。同样，在囊肿性卵巢中，肥大细胞数量与Ctrl组相比显著减少。卵巢囊肿显著降低了输卵管黏膜绒毛的长度和直径，其特征是纤毛细胞以及突出和未突出的分泌细胞出现严重的组织病理学波动。对于子宫，与Ctrl组相比，卵巢囊肿组的子宫肌层和子宫内膜平均厚度显著降低。此外，观察到子宫腺的组织病理学变化，包括严重的凋亡改变、褪色、固缩和核碎裂。总之，本研究表明卵巢中的卵泡囊肿和黄体囊肿形成会引起生殖器官、间质腺以及卵巢基质中肥大细胞分布的各种变化，为囊肿形成的潜在发病机制提供了见解。
