Amrhein P C, Stelmach G E, Goggin N L
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Sep;6(3):451-66. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.3.451.
In 2 experiments, elderly and young subjects performed simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and movement plan restructuring tasks, using a stimulus precuing paradigm. In Experiment 1, the precue display (200 ms) and preparation interval (250, 500, 750, or 1,000 ms) were experimentally determined. In Experiment 2, the precue display interval was subject determined. For the restructuring task, the precue specified the response on 75% of the trials, enabling movement plan preparation with respect to movement parameters of arm and direction. On remaining trials, the precue incorrectly specified the response, requiring movement plan restructuring. Elderly, but not young, subjects restructured a movement plan for direction more quickly than for arm or for both parameters. These findings indicate that elderly individuals have poorer movement plan maintenance for direction than for arm and thus exhibit functional change in movement preparation processes relative to young individuals.
在两项实验中，老年和年轻受试者使用刺激预提示范式执行简单反应时、选择反应时和运动计划重构任务。在实验1中，通过实验确定预提示显示（200毫秒）和准备间隔（250、500、750或1000毫秒）。在实验2中，预提示显示间隔由受试者自行确定。对于重构任务，在75%的试验中，预提示指定了反应，从而能够针对手臂的运动参数和方向进行运动计划准备。在其余试验中，预提示错误地指定了反应，需要重构运动计划。老年受试者（而非年轻受试者）针对方向重构运动计划的速度比针对手臂或针对两个参数重构运动计划的速度更快。这些发现表明，老年人相对于年轻人在运动准备过程中，对于方向的运动计划维持能力较差，因而表现出功能变化。
