Achterberg T J, Wind H, de Boer A G E M, Frings-Dresen M H W
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Occup Rehabil. 2009 Jun;19(2):129-41. doi: 10.1007/s10926-009-9169-0. Epub 2009 Mar 24.
The aim of this systematic review was to study factors which promote or hinder young disabled people entering the labor market.
We systematically searched PubMed (by means of MESH and text words), EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINAHL for studies regarding (1) disabled patients diagnosed before the age of 18 years and (2) factors of work participation.
Out of 1,268 retrieved studies and 28 extended studies from references and four from experts, ten articles were included. Promoting factors are male gender, high educational level, age at survey, low depression scores, high dispositional optimism and high psychosocial functioning. Female and low educational level gives high odds of unemployment just like low IQ, inpatient treatment during follow up, epilepsy, motor impairment, wheelchair dependency, functional limitations, co-morbidity, physical disability and chronic health conditions combined with mental retardation. High dose cranial radiotherapy, type of cancer, and age of diagnosis also interfered with employment.
Of the promoting factors, education appeared to be important, and several physical obstructions were found to be hindering factors. The last mentioned factors can be influenced in contrast to for instance age and gender. However, to optimize work participation of this group of young disabled it is important to know the promoting or hindering influence for employment.
本系统评价的目的是研究促进或阻碍残疾青年进入劳动力市场的因素。
我们系统检索了PubMed（通过医学主题词和文本词）、EMBASE、PsycINFO、科学引文索引和护理学与健康领域数据库，以查找有关（1）18岁之前确诊的残疾患者和（2）工作参与因素的研究。
在检索到的1268项研究以及参考文献中的28项扩展研究和专家提供的4项研究中，纳入了10篇文章。促进因素包括男性、高学历、调查时的年龄、低抑郁评分、高气质性乐观和高心理社会功能。女性和低学历与低智商、随访期间住院治疗、癫痫、运动障碍、轮椅依赖、功能受限、合并症、身体残疾以及伴有智力障碍的慢性健康状况一样，失业几率较高。高剂量颅脑放疗、癌症类型和诊断年龄也会影响就业。
在促进因素中，教育似乎很重要，并且发现一些身体障碍是阻碍因素。与年龄和性别等因素不同，最后提到的这些因素是可以受到影响的。然而，要优化这群残疾青年的工作参与度，了解对就业的促进或阻碍影响很重要。
